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This book provides detailed and comprehensible information about Quality Control (QC) in the industry. Different viewpoints are explained in relation to food companies, packaging producers and technical experts, including regulatory aspects. One of the most important steps is the comprehension of QC failures in relation to the 'food product' (food/packaging). The book also presents a detailed selection of proposals about new testing methods. On the basis of regulatory obligations in the EU about the technological suitability of food packaging materials, a list of 'performance-oriented' guidelines is proposed. Food sectors are mentioned in relation to products, related packaging materials, known failures and existing quality control procedures. This volume serves as a practical guide on food packaging and QC methods and a quick reference to food operators, official safety inspectors, public health institutions, Certification bodies, students and researchers from the academia and the industry.
This Brief defines reliable correlations between the food packaging design and its chemical features in terms of an 'integrated food product' (the synergistic union composed of the edible content and its container). A good design, as described in this Brief, implies the best choices from a series of possibilities, taking into account economical and commercial influences or limitations in the production and processing chain and the chemical interactions that can arise between the food containers and the contained edible material. This Brief highlights how the different requirements can be combined, while avoiding dangerous food risks originating from the chemical interaction between the container and the product. Different designs are critically analysed with relation to the effect on contained foods. The influences and resulting consequences of different possible food packaging designs are highlighted and discussed in selected case studies for some every-day products (like potato chips).
This book provides valuable information on a range of food packaging topics. It serves as a source for students, professionals and packaging engineers who need to know more about the characteristics, applications and consequences of different packaging materials in food-packaging interactions. This book is divided into 13 chapters and focuses on the agro-food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors. The first four chapters cover traditional packaging materials: wood, paper and cardboard, glass and metal. The next two deal, respectively, with plastics and laminates. Biobased materials are then covered, followed by a presentation of active and smart packaging. Some chapters are also dedicated to providing information on caps and closures as well as auxiliary materials. Different food packaging methods are presented, followed by an investigation into the design and labelling of packaging. The book ends with a chapter presenting information on how the choice of packaging material is dependent on the characteristics of the food products to be packaged.
This Brief is concerned with the connection between food packaging and the chemical composition of packaging materials. In terms of the food packaging hygiene, the influence of the containers on the contained foods is discussed. The book explores new and emerging risks related to food packaging materials in connection with the contained commodities. It also discusses the technology of production with relation to the chemical risk in a “Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point” (HACCP) investigation.
This Brief concerns the influence of chemistry in the modern food and beverages industry. The world of traditional foods has been soundlessly but increasingly interconnected with the chemical industry in the last century. Different areas are considered in a multidisciplinary approach: - the production of chemical additives and of non-food components needed in the food industry (e.g. packaging materials) - the regulatory perspective of the whole food production chain - commercialization of food commodities - the problem of food safety from the viewpoint of official auditors with medical or veterinarian competencies - new and emerging risks related to food packaging materials - the assessment of the authenticity of edible products. This Brief includes different viewpoints, ranging from the management of allergens and food additives in the food plant to the complex matter of the formulation of traditional products with the consequent production of “alternative” versions of the same food.
Undoubtedly the applications of polymers are rapidly evolving. Technology is continually changing and quickly advancing as polymers are needed to solve a variety of day-to-day challenges leading to improvements in quality of life. The Encyclopedia of Polymer Applications presents state-of-the-art research and development on the applications of polymers. This groundbreaking work provides important overviews to help stimulate further advancements in all areas of polymers. This comprehensive multi-volume reference includes articles contributed from a diverse and global team of renowned researchers. It offers a broad-based perspective on a multitude of topics in a variety of applications, as well as detailed research information, figures, tables, illustrations, and references. The encyclopedia provides introductions, classifications, properties, selection, types, technologies, shelf-life, recycling, testing and applications for each of the entries where applicable. It features critical content for both novices and experts including, engineers, scientists (polymer scientists, materials scientists, biomedical engineers, macromolecular chemists), researchers, and students, as well as interested readers in academia, industry, and research institutions.
This Brief reviews thermal processes in the food industry – pasteurization, sterilization, UHT processes, and others. It evaluates the effects on a chemical level and possible failures from a safety viewpoint, and discusses in how far the effects can be predicted. In addition, historical preservation techniques – smoking, addition of natural additives, irradiation, etc. – are compared with current industrial systems, like fermentation, irradiation, addition of food-grade chemicals. The Brief critically discusses storage protocols – cooling, freezing, etc. – and packing systems (modified atmosphere technology, active and intelligent packaging). Can undesired chemical effects on the food products be predicted? This Brief elucidates on this important question. On that basis, new challenges, that currently arise in the food sector, can be approached.
This book explores the traditional use of Ilex paraguariensis, a plant that is widely distributed in South America. Thanks to its purported properties, it has been used for centuries in the form of teas with a variety of names, including: ‘yerba mate’ (Argentina), ‘chimarrão’ (Brazil), and others. Ilex paraguariensis and its teas (also referred to as ‘mate teas’) are well known because of their alleged pharmacological effects in numerous common conditions, including obesity, osteoporosis, constipation, arthritis, and hypertension. These effects are generally ascribed to yerba mate teas because the botanical species contains bioactive and stimulating substances like caffeine (originally dubbed ‘mateine’), various alkaloids, and several phenolic acids. Interestingly, the chemical profiles of these teas can fluctuate over time, creating serious production problems. As a result, it is difficult to reliably determine their safety and health effects on humans. In response to the global interest in these products, this book offers a reference guide to ‘yerba mate’/‘chimarrão’ teas. It analyzes their chemical profiles, discusses their bioactive features, and addresses their safety and health effects. In addition, since the cultural heritage of yerba mate has greatly contributed to its international success, the book also provides information on its historical legacy, regulatory aspects, and the global market.
This book concerns the EU legal and regulatory framework relating to Chemicals in Food. It is divided in two parts: the first section offers an introduction to the European General Food Law with an analysis of EFSA (the European Food Safety Authority) and a description of main features of food safety-related regulations. The second part focusses on the legislation finding application concerning chemicals in food from different viewpoints, namely: - the REACH regulation; - the enzyme, flavorings and additive regulatory framework; - the matter of contamination and veterinary drugs; - the use of Food contact materials. The final chapter addresses several considerations relating to chemical hazards and crisis management, highlighting shortcomings and lessons from experience.