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This book is a unique source of information on the present state of the exciting field of molecular cytogenetics and how it can be applied in research and diagnostics. The basic techniques of fluorescence in situ hybridization and primed in situ hybridization (PRINS) are outlined, the multiple approaches and probe sets that are now available for these techniques are described, and applications of them are presented in 36 chapters by authors from ten different countries around the world. The book not only provides the reader with basic and background knowledge on the topic, but also gives detailed protocols that show how molecular cytogenetics is currently performed by specialists in this field. The FISH Application Guide initially provides an overview of the (historical) development of molecular cytogenetics, its basic procedures, the equipment required, and probe generation. The book then describes tips and tricks for making different tissues available for molecular cytogenetic studies. These are followed by chapters on various multicolor FISH probe sets, their availability, and their pot- tial for use in combination with other approaches. The possible applications that are shown encompass the characterization of marker chromosomes, cryptic cytogenetic aberrations and epigenetic changes in humans by interphase and metaphase cyto- netics, studies of nuclear architecture, as well as the application of molecular cytogenetics to zoology, botany and microbiology.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been developed as a powerful technology which allows direct visualisation or localisation of genomic alterations. The technique has been adopted to a range of applications in both medicine, especially in the areas of diagnostic cytogenetics, and biology. Topics described in this manual include: FISH on native human tissues, such as blood, bone marrow, epithelial cells, hair root cells, amniotic fluid cells, human sperm cells; FISH on archival human tissues, such as formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue sections, cryofixed tissue; simultaneous detection of apoptosis and xpression of apoptosis-related genes; comparative genomic ybridization; and special FISH techniques.
The second edition of this well-received book provides detailed information on the basic and advanced laboratory techniques in histopathology and cytology. It offers clear guidance on the principles and techniques of routine and special laboratory techniques. It also covers advanced laboratory techniques such as immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, liquid-based cytology, polymerase chain reactions, tissue microarray, molecular technology, etc. The book's second edition covers several important recent topics with many new chapters, such as liquid biopsy, artificial neural network, digital pathology, and next-generation sequencing. Each chapter elucidates basic principle, practical methods, troubleshooting, and clinical applications of the technique. It includes multiple colored line drawings, microphotographs, and tables to illustrate each technique. The book is a helpful guide to the post-graduate students and fellows in pathology, practicing pathologists, as well as laboratory technicians, and research students.
Cytogenetics is the study of chromosome morphology, structure, pathology, function, and behavior. The field has evolved to embrace molecular cytogenetic changes, now termed cytogenomics. Cytogeneticists utilize an assortment of procedures to investigate the full complement of chromosomes and/or a targeted region within a specific chromosome in metaphase or interphase. Tools include routine analysis of G-banded chromosomes, specialized stains that address specific chromosomal structures, and molecular probes, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosome microarray analysis, which employ a variety of methods to highlight a region as small as a single, specific genetic sequence under investigation. The AGT Cytogenetics Laboratory Manual, Fourth Edition offers a comprehensive description of the diagnostic tests offered by the clinical laboratory and explains the science behind them. One of the most valuable assets is its rich compilation of laboratory-tested protocols currently being used in leading laboratories, along with practical advice for nearly every area of interest to cytogeneticists. In addition to covering essential topics that have been the backbone of cytogenetics for over 60 years, such as the basic components of a cell, use of a microscope, human tissue processing for cytogenetic analysis (prenatal, constitutional, and neoplastic), laboratory safety, and the mechanisms behind chromosome rearrangement and aneuploidy, this edition introduces new and expanded chapters by experts in the field. Some of these new topics include a unique collection of chromosome heteromorphisms; clinical examples of genomic imprinting; an example-driven overview of chromosomal microarray; mathematics specifically geared for the cytogeneticist; usage of ISCN’s cytogenetic language to describe chromosome changes; tips for laboratory management; examples of laboratory information systems; a collection of internet and library resources; and a special chapter on animal chromosomes for the research and zoo cytogeneticist. The range of topics is thus broad yet comprehensive, offering the student a resource that teaches the procedures performed in the cytogenetics laboratory environment, and the laboratory professional with a peer-reviewed reference that explores the basis of each of these procedures. This makes it a useful resource for researchers, clinicians, and lab professionals, as well as students in a university or medical school setting.
In the era of precision medicine, physicians are increasingly in need of more definitive diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information derived from small biopsy specimens such as cytology samples in order to guide effective patient care. Cytopathology is well poised to meet this challenge. Whilst the traditional cytomorphologic component of cytology practice is still valid, enormous advances have been made in the field of cytopathology thanks to transformative technology and innovative individuals that have augmented the cytologists' ability to meet the demands of modern medicine. The purpose of this book is to describe, illustrate, and review many of the most recent developments regarding modern techniques employed in cytopathology. This latest monograph is intended for all cytologists including cytopathologists, cytotechnologists, cytology lab assistants, trainees, research scientists, and anyone who is interested in the field of cytopathology. We have invited pioneering experts in their respective fields to author these chapters. This book is not only the culmination of their groundbreaking work and effort but also presents a critical review of the current literature. We have attempted to provide readers with an informative and comprehensive aid so that they may better appreciate how emerging technology has been applied to cytology. Each chapter in this book presents a stand-alone contemporary review of emerging topics in cytopathology. We hope that you will find this monograph thought-provoking and a valuable reference for your practice.
This book is a compilation of various chapters contributed by a group of leading researchers from different countries and covering up to date information based on published reports and personal experience of authors in the field of cytogenetics. Beginning with the introduction of chromosome, the subsequent chapters on organization of genetic material, karyotype evolution, structural and numerical variations in chromosomes, B-chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations provide an in-depth knowledge and easy understanding of the subject matter. A special feature of the book is the inclusion of a series of chapters on various types of chromosomal aberrations and their impact on breeding behaviour and crop improvement. The possible mechanism, their consequences and role in genetic analysis has been emphasized in these chapters. A few chapters have also been dedicated on various techniques routinely used in the laboratory by students and researchers. Each chapter ends with an extensive bibliography so that the students and researchers may find it relevant to consult more literature on the subject than a book of this size can offer. The book is intended to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and post graduate students of botany, zoology and agriculture besides, teachers and researchers engaged in the field of genetics, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. In general the readers will find each chapter of the book informative and easy to understand.
This book provides a comprehensive, in-depth explanation of the basic concepts and interpretations involved in chromosome analysis, a critical technique in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of a wide variety of conditions. Designed for the health care provider who must use and explain the often complex results of these tests, this book details in understandable language the various applications of chromosome analysis in clinical settings and the clinical significance of abnormal results. In addition, the book offers an informative tutorial on basic laboratory procedures (including microscopy, photomicrography, automation, computerized karyotyping, and QA/QC), reports on novel synergistic technologies such as FISH, and discusses issues in genetic counseling. Enlightening and accessible, The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics constitutes an indispensable reference for today's physicians and managed care practitioners who depend on the cytogenetics laboratory for the diagnosis of their patients' ailments.
Introduction to Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Principles and Clinical Applications Edited by Michael Andreeff, M.D., PH.D., and Daniel Pinkel, PH.D. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) has become an essential tool in the diagnosis and management of a variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies in the clinical setting, as well as an aid in the identification of particular genetic disorders. Introduction to Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization provides a solid groundwork in the basic principles and techniques of FISH and covers in detail the applications of this technology to cancer in humans, including tumorigenesis, prostate and breast tumors, myeloid leukemias, and lymphoproliferative malignancies. The final section of the book is devoted to the applications of FISH techniques to genetic analysis. This incorporates radiation biodosimetry in chromosomal aberrations, genetic toxicology, and multiprobe methods for detecting chromosomally defective sperm in humans and mice, plus rapid prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidies and detection of fetal trisomy. Edited by two leading basic and clinical investigators in the field, with state-of-the-art contributions from expert subspecialists, and featuring over 200 color illustrations, Introduction to Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization is an essential reference for clinicians and investigators in oncology, genetics, and cytometry.