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Shyam Kishor Agarwal, b. 1943, Indian botanist; contributed articles.
This book provides complete, comprehensive, and broad subject-based reviews for students, teachers, researchers, policymakers, conservationists, and NGOs interested in the biodiversity and conservation of woody plants. Forests cover approximately 31 percent of the world’s total landmass; 93 percent is natural forest and only 7 percent consists of planted trees. Forest decline is progressing at an alarming rate worldwide. In addition to human activities (logging, deforestation, and exploiting forest lands for agriculture and industrial use), a number of other factors – including pests and diseases, drought, soil acidity, radiation, and ozone – are cumulatively contributing to global forest decline. The present situation forces us to focus on forest conservation strategies for the present and future. Gene conservation and maintaining genetic diversity in forest ecosystems are crucial to the preservation of forest genetic resources. This calls for integrated action to implement both the in situ (on site) preservation of forest stands and ex situ (distant from the original site) strategies for the conservation of woody plants’ genetic resources. Selected priority areas include: 1) assessing patterns of genetic diversity and threats, 2) understanding the biological processes regulating genetic diversity, 3) assessing the impact of human activities and climate change on genetic diversity, and 5) finding methods for prioritizing species and populations for the conservation of forest trees genetic resources. All chapters were written by leading scientists in their respective fields, which include: woody plant diversity, ecology and evolution; assessment of genetic diversity in forest tree populations; conservation planning under climate change; and in situ and ex situ strategies, including biotechnological approaches, for the conservation of woody plants genetic resources.
Conservation of genetic diversity in plant species used in traditional medicine and health care has become increasingly important, both in terms of adding economic value for biological resources and creating an economic stake for future domestication and cultivation. For RET species that are in decline, in situ conservation alone may not give an adequate support. Medicinal plants are becoming increasingly threatened in nature due to various reasons. A combination of factors like overexploitation, habitat destruction and unsustainable harvesting, coupled with illegal trade practices, have driven many medicinal plant species to the brink of extinction. Attempts are being made to collect and conserve these valuable resources. A focused conservation strategy has to be followed. Biotechnological approaches that support ex situ conservation programs, besides complementing conventional methods, have the potential to broaden the genetic base in species demanding high priority. Several applications have been successfully accomplished in the science of conservation biology. These include use of tissue culture derived plants for in vitro conservation showcasing as a back up for Field Gene Banks (IVAGs) and application of cryogenic technology for long-term seed, pollen and plant tissue cryopreservation (SCB, PCB, IVBGs). Following integrated conservation approaches, using both conventional and biotechnological methods, protocols for conserving plant diversity for 22 species of medicinal plants have been optimized. The current status of specific plant species would be discussed, along with protocols developed for conservation ex situ.
Contributed papers present at the National Symposium.