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Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the most destructive agricultural pests in the world, eating their way through acres and acres of citrus and other fruits at an alarming rate and forcing food and agriculture agencies to spend millions of dollars in control and management measures. But until now, the study of fruit flies has been traditionally biased towards applied aspects (e.g., management, monitoring, and mass rearing)-understandable, given the tremendous economic impact of this species. This work is the first that comprehensively addresses the study of the phylogeny and the evolution of fruit fly behavior. An international group of highly renowned scientists review the current state of knowledge and include considerable new findings on various aspects of fruit fly behavior, phylogeny and related subjects. In the past, the topics of phylogeny and evolution of behavior were barely addressed, and when so, often superficially. Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior is a definitive treatment, covering all behaviors in a broad range of tephritids. This volume is divided into eight sections:
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Genetics and Genomics of Forest Trees" that was published in Forests
Mahogany is a detailed identification guide to the woods of several trade timbers known as 'mahogany', and aims to differentiate between these and the true mahogany Swietenia. All three species of Swietenia are CITES listed, and difficult to tell apart from other 'mahogany' timbers, macroscopically and microscopically. In this book, 18 taxa from the Meliaceae family (the mahogany family), commonly known as mahoganies, are compared and contrasted, with full wood anatomical descriptions and microscopic images, macroscopic wood images, global distribution maps, information on uses and common names. In addition, several non-Meliaceae mahoganies are described. A detailed list of literature used is provided, along with an appendix containing trade data for Swietenia. This book is an essential resource for everyone involved with the regulation of endangered timbers, including wood anatomists, customs officers, timber traders, students, and those with an interest in some of the world's finest tropical timbers
A tree is defined as a woody perennial plant, having a single elongated trunk with several branches spreading at a certain height which give shape to its canopy (crown). The trunk usually has a minimum diameter of 10 cm at chest height. The leaves may be deciduous (falling seasonally) or evergreen. Young trees with a trunk measuring less than 10 cm in diameter are called saplings. Most tree species are flowering plants or conifers. They are distributed throughout the world, with the highest diversity in rainforests of the tropical regions. The majority of tree species belong to the families Dipterocarpaceae (Dipterocarps), Fagaceae (Beech family) and Lauraceae (Laurel family). Trees are used to produce a variety of our needs, including timber, furniture, paper and medicine. They also play an important role in preserving the environment (ecosystems) by preventing land degradation and erosion, producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide and managing microclimates.
"This book ... explains the relationship that a number of cedar species worldwide have with the Hypsipyla shootborer, and outlines the current state of knowledge on the insect-cedar interaction and their chemistry."--P. iii.