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For the continued advancement of the field of printed electronic (PE), there is a need for a better understanding of the interactions between functional inks and substrates, which is required to optimize printability, mechanical, and functional properties for the creation of more robust and efficient printed devices. This body of work aims to advance the knowledge of the material properties of poly-di-methyl-siloxane, PDMS, films, their interactions with flexo inks, and their flexographic printability. As the printing of metals (i.e., Ag & Au) is a known area of interest pertaining to PE, this work focused on the characterization and optimization of the properties known to promote the adhesion between materials, and their effects on the functional performance of printed conductive ink films. PDMS is an especially important substrate for use in the creation of biocompatible sensors and devices, which is an area predicted to experience much growth in the coming years. But, PDMS has known complications pertaining to its printing and adhesion of materials to its surface. To accomplish this goal, four studies were completed: 1- The Characterization of Surface Treated Silica-Filled and Non-Filled Polydimethylsiloxane Films, 2- Use of Atmospheric-Plasma Treatment to alter the Surface Energy of PDMS Films, and 3- Feasibility for the Development of a Repulpable Silicone Release Paper. From these studies, a need for a high throughput processing and production method for rol-to-roll production and printing of thin (
"The effect of simulated environmental exposure conditions (high heat, freezing temperature, rain, and vacuum pressure) on the performance of a silver-based conductive flexo ink printed on a polyamide (nylon 6,6) substrate was examined. Conductivity, density, color, adhesion, abrasion resistance and creasing were evaluated. The tested environmental variables did not have an effect on the performance quality of silver conductive flexographic ink when printed on a polyamide substrate for the 85-100% solid ink density levels. Rain and temperature had the greatest impact on print performance in the 70-80% tint range. Exposure to these elements affected adhesion properties of the ink to the substrate, which lead to a negative effect on the conductivity and abrasion performance. This study indicated an antenna printed at common ink density levels using a silver-based flexographic printing ink on a polymeric film is a possible solution for the implementation of printed RFID components. This is a manufacturing option that can bring the packaging industry from a "slap and stick" RFID labeling method to an actual inline production method that can be applicable to both primary and secondary package tagging needs. Lastly, the study utilizes common ink testing procedures that will be useful in the development of standards for the production of printed RFID components in packaging applications."--Abstract.
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The Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, Second Edition, is a comprehensive seven-volume set that serves as a vital interdisciplinary reference for those working with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. With an increased focus on the environmental and economic impacts of electrochemical power sources, this work not only consolidates extensive coverage of the field but also serves as a gateway to the latest literature for professionals and students alike. The field of electrochemical power sources has experienced significant growth and development since the first edition was published in 2009. This is reflected in the exponential growth of the battery market, the improvement of many conventional systems, and the introduction of new systems and technologies. This completely revised second edition captures these advancements, providing updates on all scientific, technical, and economic developments over the past decade. Thematically arranged, this edition delves into crucial areas such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. It explores challenges and advancements in electrode and electrolyte materials, structural design, optimization, application of novel materials, and performance analysis. This comprehensive resource, with its focus on the future of electrochemical power sources, is an essential tool for navigating this rapidly evolving field. - Covers the main types of power sources, including their operating principles, systems, materials, and applications - Serves as a primary source of information for electrochemists, materials scientists, energy technologists, and engineers - Incorporates 365 articles, with timely coverage of environmental and sustainability aspects - Arranged thematically to facilitate easy navigation of topics and easy exploration of the field across its key branches - Follows a consistent structure and features elements such as key objective boxes, summaries, figures, references, and cross-references etc., to help students, faculty, and professionals alike
Nanotechnology has been incorporated into a wide range of garments to improve the durability of clothing / apparel and create new properties for a special end-used application. It also incorporates wearable electronics into clothing to make it smarter. Smart nano-textiles refers to the uses and integration of smart nanocoatings, nanosensors and nanodevices in multifunctional textiles, since they are both low cost and have low power consumption. Various organic and inorganic nanomaterials can be used in garments to improve their properties and create new properties such as anti-bacterial, superhydrophobic, auto-cleaning, self-cleaning, stain repellent, wrinkle-free, static eliminating, fire resistant and electrically conductive properties. This book focuses on the fundamental concepts and approaches for the preparation of smart nanotextiles, their properties, and their applications in multifarious industries, including smart garments, biomedicine, construction/building materials, energy conversion/storage, automotive/aerospace industries and agriculture. Shows how nanotechnology is being used to be able to enhance textiles with smart properties, including anti-bacterial, superhydrophobic and auto-cleaning Explores which nanomaterial types are most compatible with particular textile classes Assesses the major challenges of integrating nanosensors and nanodevices into textiles
Modern printing is based on digitizing information and then representing it on a substrate, such as paper, pixel by pixel. One of the most common methods of digital printing is through inkjet printers. The process of inkjet printing is very complicated, and the ink used must meet certain chemical and physicochemical requirements including those related to storage stability; jetting performance; color management; wetting; and adhesion on substrates. Obviously, these requirements — which represent different scientific disciplines such as colloid chemistry, chemical engineering, and physics — indicate the need for an interdisciplinary book that will cover all aspects of making and utilizing inkjet inks.This book provides basic and essential information on the important parameters which determine ink performance. It covers not only the conventional use of inkjet technology on graphic applications, but also the extension of this method to print various functional materials, such as the use of conductive inks to print light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and three-dimensional structures. Thus, the book will serve a large community: industrial chemists who deal with ink formulations and synthesis of chemicals for inks; chemical engineers and physicists who deal with the rheological and flow properties of inks; and researchers in academic institutes who seek to develop novel applications based on inkjet printing of new materials.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to printed flexible electronics and their applications, including the basics of modern printing technologies, printable inks, performance characterization, device design, modeling, and fabrication processes. A wide range of materials used for printed flexible electronics are also covered in depth. Bridging the gap between the creation of structure and function, printed flexible electronics have been explored for manufacturing of flexible, stretchable, wearable, and conformal electronics device with conventional, 3D, and hybrid printing technologies. Advanced materials such as polymers, ceramics, nanoparticles, 2D materials, and nanocomposites have enabled a wide variety of applications, such as transparent conductive films, thin film transistors, printable solar cells, flexible energy harvesting and storage devices, electroluminescent devices, and wearable sensors. This book provides students, researchers and engineers with the information to understand the current status and future trends in printed flexible electronics, and acquire skills for selecting and using materials and additive manufacturing processes in the design of printed flexible electronics.
Since four decades, rapid detection and monitoring in clinical and food diagnostics and in environmental and biodefense have paved the way for the elaboration of electrochemical biosensors. Thanks to their adaptability, ease of use in relatively complex samples, and their portability, electrochemical biosensors now are one of the mainstays of analy
This book covers the fundamentals of sensor technologies as well as the recent research for the development of environmental, chemical and medical sensor technologies. Chapters include current research on microflow cytometry, microfluidic devices, colorimetric sensors, and the development of low-cost optical densitometric sensors and paper based analytical devices for environmental and biomedical applications. Special focus has been given to nanotechnology and nanostructures- their fabrication, uses and utility in different fields of research such as for the design of tools for medical diagnostics, therapeutics, as well as for detection and estimation of pollutant levels in water and air quality monitoring. This book is intended as a resource for researchers working in the field of sensor development across the world.