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Drawing on testimonies from contra collaborators and ex-combatants, as well as pro-Sandinista peasants, this book presents a dynamic account of the growing divisions between peasants from the area of Quilalí who took up arms in defense of revolutionary programs and ideals such as land reform and equality and those who opposed the FSLN. Peasants in Arms details the role of local elites in organizing the first anti-Sandinista uprising in 1980 and their subsequent rise to positions of field command in the contras. Lynn Horton explores the internal factors that led a majority of peasants to turn against the revolution and the ways in which the military draft, and family and community pressures reinforced conflict and undermined mid-decade FSLN policy shifts that attempted to win back peasant support.
An account of the way social relations governing the production of cotton in Peru's South Coast changed as capitalism penetrated Peru's agrarian base; the analysis is unusual in that the author looks at the plantation system from a "peasant" poi
"The book is an important demonstration of the viability of General Systems Theory for anthropology. Among the surprising findings directly deriving from this approach is that the Aymara transition is a response not to inputs from the industrial sector, but to instabilities within the traditional Aymara economic system itself. The Systems Theory principle of the adaptive value of deviance is the basis for an in-depth analysis of the emergence of the Seventh-Day Adventists as a power-elite in many Aymara communities."
In the modern imagination the peasant survives as a creature of the land, suspicious of the outside world and resistant to change, either the repository of pristine innocence and virtue or the manifestation of everything nasty, brutish, and at best dull. The Land and the Loom replaces this picture with a richly textured, deeply researched portrait of the peasant's life and world in northern France in the early modern period. Supported by evidence culled from parish registers, notarial records, and judicial archives, this masterful depiction of village life, detailing the development of the linen weaving trade in Montigny, revises accepted notions of the peasant's place in rural industry. The peasants emerging from Liana Vardi's study are not the figures of tradition, driven solely by symbolic attachment to the land and unreasonably devoted to village solidarities. Instead they reveal remarkable flexibility and diversity, a readiness to adapt to changing incentives. As Vardi shows, they not only improved farming methods and raised yields during the eighteenth century, but also used land to finance investments in industry and to develop local business, far-flung commercial networks, and complex credit mechanisms. Vardi reveals how the peasants' responses to market opportunities depended largely on their status, with the very poor and the well-off staying out of the linen business, while a broad middle group leaped into the trade, setting in motion a gradual shift of wealth and power within the community. As this analysis makes clear, the importance of patrimony and tradition had much more to do with economic interests and common sense than with deep-seated cultural and emotional constraints. The eighteenth-century French countryside emerges as a region of capitalist experimentation, cut short by pre-Revolutionary and Revolutionary crises. Meticulously documented, broadly interpretive, and beautifully written, this fascinating book will permanently alter conventional perceptions of peasant life and rural industry and, ultimately, the way ordinary people are seen in seemingly distant times and places.