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Fixed Point Results in W-Distance Spaces is a self-contained and comprehensive reference for advanced fixed-point theory and can serve as a useful guide for related research. The book can be used as a teaching resource for advanced courses on fixed-point theory, which is a modern and important field in mathematics. It would be especially valuable for graduate and postgraduate courses and seminars. Features Written in a concise and fluent style, covers a broad range of topics and includes related topics from research. Suitable for researchers and postgraduates. Contains brand new results not published elsewhere.
This is a monograph on fixed point theory, covering the purely metric aspects of the theory–particularly results that do not depend on any algebraic structure of the underlying space. Traditionally, a large body of metric fixed point theory has been couched in a functional analytic framework. This aspect of the theory has been written about extensively. There are four classical fixed point theorems against which metric extensions are usually checked. These are, respectively, the Banach contraction mapping principal, Nadler’s well known set-valued extension of that theorem, the extension of Banach’s theorem to nonexpansive mappings, and Caristi’s theorem. These comparisons form a significant component of this book. This book is divided into three parts. Part I contains some aspects of the purely metric theory, especially Caristi’s theorem and a few of its many extensions. There is also a discussion of nonexpansive mappings, viewed in the context of logical foundations. Part I also contains certain results in hyperconvex metric spaces and ultrametric spaces. Part II treats fixed point theory in classes of spaces which, in addition to having a metric structure, also have geometric structure. These specifically include the geodesic spaces, length spaces and CAT(0) spaces. Part III focuses on distance spaces that are not necessarily metric. These include certain distance spaces which lie strictly between the class of semimetric spaces and the class of metric spaces, in that they satisfy relaxed versions of the triangle inequality, as well as other spaces whose distance properties do not fully satisfy the metric axioms.
Metric fixed point theory encompasses the branch of fixed point theory which metric conditions on the underlying space and/or on the mappings play a fundamental role. In some sense the theory is a far-reaching outgrowth of Banach's contraction mapping principle. A natural extension of the study of contractions is the limiting case when the Lipschitz constant is allowed to equal one. Such mappings are called nonexpansive. Nonexpansive mappings arise in a variety of natural ways, for example in the study of holomorphic mappings and hyperconvex metric spaces. Because most of the spaces studied in analysis share many algebraic and topological properties as well as metric properties, there is no clear line separating metric fixed point theory from the topological or set-theoretic branch of the theory. Also, because of its metric underpinnings, metric fixed point theory has provided the motivation for the study of many geometric properties of Banach spaces. The contents of this Handbook reflect all of these facts. The purpose of the Handbook is to provide a primary resource for anyone interested in fixed point theory with a metric flavor. The goal is to provide information for those wishing to find results that might apply to their own work and for those wishing to obtain a deeper understanding of the theory. The book should be of interest to a wide range of researchers in mathematical analysis as well as to those whose primary interest is the study of fixed point theory and the underlying spaces. The level of exposition is directed to a wide audience, including students and established researchers.
It is an indisputable argument that the formulation of metrics (by Fréchet in the early 1900s) opened a new subject in mathematics called non-linear analysis after the appearance of Banach’s fixed point theorem. Because the underlying space of this theorem is a metric space, the theory that developed following its publication is known as metric fixed point theory. It is well known that metric fixed point theory provides essential tools for solving problems arising in various branches of mathematics and other sciences such as split feasibility problems, variational inequality problems, non-linear optimization problems, equilibrium problems, selection and matching problems, and problems of proving the existence of solutions of integral and differential equations are closely related to fixed point theory. For this reason, many people over the past seventy years have tried to generalize the definition of metric space and corresponding fixed point theory. This trend still continues. A few questions lying at the heart of the theory remain open and there are many unanswered questions regarding the limits to which the theory may be extended. Metric Structures and Fixed Point Theory provides an extensive understanding and the latest updates on the subject. The book not only shows diversified aspects of popular generalizations of metric spaces such as symmetric, b-metric, w-distance, G-metric, modular metric, probabilistic metric, fuzzy metric, graphical metric and corresponding fixed point theory but also motivates work on existing open problems on the subject. Each of the nine chapters—contributed by various authors—contains an Introduction section which summarizes the material needed to read the chapter independently of the others and contains the necessary background, several examples, and comprehensive literature to comprehend the concepts presented therein. This is helpful for those who want to pursue their research career in metric fixed point theory and its related areas. Features Explores the latest research and developments in fixed point theory on the most popular generalizations of metric spaces Description of various generalizations of metric spaces Very new topics on fixed point theory in graphical and modular metric spaces Enriched with examples and open problems This book serves as a reference for scientific investigators who need to analyze a simple and direct presentation of the fundamentals of the theory of metric fixed points. It may also be used as a text book for postgraduate and research students who are trying to derive future research scope in this area.
This book collects chapters on contemporary topics on metric fixed point theory and its applications in science, engineering, fractals, and behavioral sciences. Chapters contributed by renowned researchers from across the world, this book includes several useful tools and techniques for the development of skills and expertise in the area. The book presents the study of common fixed points in a generalized metric space and fixed point results with applications in various modular metric spaces. New insight into parametric metric spaces as well as study of variational inequalities and variational control problems have been included.
The purpose of this contributed volume is to provide a primary resource for anyone interested in fixed point theory with a metric flavor. The book presents information for those wishing to find results that might apply to their own work and for those wishing to obtain a deeper understanding of the theory. The book should be of interest to a wide range of researchers in mathematical analysis as well as to those whose primary interest is the study of fixed point theory and the underlying spaces. The level of exposition is directed to a wide audience, including students and established researchers. Key topics covered include Banach contraction theorem, hyperconvex metric spaces, modular function spaces, fixed point theory in ordered sets, topological fixed point theory for set-valued maps, coincidence theorems, Lefschetz and Nielsen theories, systems of nonlinear inequalities, iterative methods for fixed point problems, and the Ekeland’s variational principle.
This book contains select papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Engineering Mathematics and Computing (ICEMC 2020), held at the Haldia Institute of Technology, Purba Midnapur, West Bengal, India, from 5–7 February 2020. The book discusses new developments and advances in the areas of neural networks, connectionist systems, genetic algorithms, evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence, cellular automata, self-organizing systems, soft computing, fuzzy systems, hybrid intelligent systems, etc. The book, containing 19 chapters, is useful to the researchers, scholars, and practising engineers as well as graduate students of engineering and applied sciences.
This issue is a continuation of the previous successful Special Issue “Mathematical Analysis and Applications” . Investigations involving the theory and applications of mathematical analytical tools and techniques are remarkably widespread in many diverse areas of the mathematical, physical, chemical, engineering and statistical sciences. In this Special Issue, we invite and welcome review, expository and original research articles dealing with the recent advances in mathematical analysis and its multidisciplinary applications.
Fixed point theory arose from the Banach contraction principle and has been studied for a long time. Its application mostly relies on the existence of solutions to mathematical problems that are formulated from economics and engineering. After the existence of the solutions is guaranteed, the numerical methodology will be established to obtain the approximated solution. Fixed points of function depend heavily on the considered spaces that are defined using the intuitive axioms. In particular, variant metrics spaces are proposed, like a partial metric space, b-metric space, fuzzy metric space and probabilistic metric space, etc. Different spaces will result in different types of fixed point theorems. In other words, there are a lot of different types of fixed point theorems in the literature. Therefore, this Special Issue welcomes survey articles. Articles that unify the different types of fixed point theorems are also very welcome. The topics of this Special Issue include the following: Fixed point theorems in metric space Fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric space Fixed point theorems in probabilistic metric space Fixed point theorems of set-valued functions in various spaces The existence of solutions in game theory The existence of solutions for equilibrium problems The existence of solutions of differential equations The existence of solutions of integral equations Numerical methods for obtaining the approximated fixed points