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Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Sociology - Politics, Majorities, Minorities, grade: 1,3, Free University of Berlin (Soziologie), language: English, abstract: All eyes on Italy in February 2013 The results of the parliamentary election in Italy in February 2013 have arisen high interest in the media, national and international research: Movimento 5 Stelle (Five Star Movement), with its leader and new player in the political arena Beppe Grillo, has caused an earthquake in Italian politics by running for the first time in the general elections and reaching one third of the electorate. The leader accentuates himself from traditional Italian politics by combining online appearance and offline local mobilization with horizontal “franchise” structures, but applies a top-down-management and decision-making process (Bordignon/Ceccarini 2013: 1). His strategy consists of fueling distrust against the established parties and he gains some kind of admiration, respect and credibility by denying any political affiliation or coalition. With reference to the election’s results that no party or coalition will be able to govern Italy – especially – European leaders raise the question of how the political situation of an “ungovernable Italy” could have happened. One plausible answer is that the success of the Italian protest movement could be just the tip of the iceberg, namely the emerging power of people in Europe fighting against austerity policy of national governments and the European central bank (Teichmann 2013). From grassroots to national policy level people start changing the political agenda by taking actions for their future via mobilization and participation. The advent of the Five Star Movement is just one of the shifts that are taking place in Italy’s political landscape, having in mind the come-back of the radical left in parliament (SEL), an ecologic socialist party in coalition with Pier Luigi Bersani. But nevertheless the M5S is the most striking one in terms of leadership and organizational structure by revealing authoritarian characteristics. Otherwise, in this case populism could offer a new orientation and act as an alternative to the traditional national power block and the budgetary austerity, which the European Union imposes on its indebted members. Further the case of the new protest movement in Italy obviously presents a theoretical problem regarding a common notion of Populism. We cannot determinate right now whether Italy is actually concerned with constructiveminded, positive or else hazardous populism or just with an ineffective outrage of voters who are disenchanted with politics. Albeit it is possible to conjecture how the movement might operate in the future by investigating recent political events in Italy more closely combined with an examination of economic and political diseases of the south European peninsula. Thereby, the leading question is how the political, social and economic circumstances created a fertile ground for the rise of the Five star Movement and how one can possibly classify the political populist articulation: as a danger or corrective to democracy? In order to answer these questions this paper aims to examine to what extent contents, properties and characteristics of the movement can be identified based on recent scientific literature on populism and research findings of Rovira Kaltwasser (2012). Accordingly, the organizational structure, political views and main innovative features of the movement will be analyzed.
In 2009 Beppe Grillo, a well know Italian comedian, established the Five Star Movement with the aim of sending a handful of citizens to municipal councils to act as the watchdog of a professional political class often perceived as corrupt and self-interested. However, in the Italian general elections of February 2013, despite still largely being considered a small protest movement, the party gained the undisputed role of leading political actor gaining just under 9 million votes and sending 163 Deputies and Senators to the Italian parliament. The birth and rapid rise of the Five Star Movement represents an electoral earthquake with no parallels in Italy and the whole of post-1945 Western Europe and a phenomenon likely to shape the Italian political scene for decades to come. Drawing on an extensive array of data and face-to-face interviews, this volume offers an empirically grounded explanation of the surprising electoral success of the Five Star Movement and presents a realistic picture of this party in its manifold aspects: organisational structure, communication style, linkages with civil society, ideological nature and positioning in the Italian political system.
The Duke and the Stars explores science and medicine as studied and practiced in fifteenth-century Italy, including how astrology was taught in relation to astronomy. It illustrates how the “predictive art” of astrology was often a critical, secretive source of information for Italian Renaissance rulers, particularly in times of crisis.
Noelle Molé Liston's The Truth Society seeks to understand how a period of Italian political spectacle, which regularly blurred fact and fiction, has shaped how people understand truth, mass-mediated information, scientific knowledge, and forms of governance. Liston scrutinizes Italy's late twentieth-century political culture, particularly the impact of the former prime minister and media mogul Silvio Berlusconi. By doing so, she examines how this truth-bending political era made science, logic, and rationality into ideas that needed saving. With the prevalence of fake news and our seeming lack of shared reality in the "post-truth" world, many people struggle to figure out where this new normal came from. Liston argues that seemingly disparate events and practices that have unfolded in Italy are historical reactions to mediatized political forms and particular, cultivated ways of knowing. Politics, then, is always sutured to how knowledge is structured, circulated, and processed. The Truth Society offers Italy as a case study for understanding the remaking of politics in an era of disinformation.
This book adopts a multi-method multimodal approach to the study of online political communication, applying it to case studies from the UK, France, and Italy toward offering a portrait of the rapid ideological shifts in contemporary Western democracies. The volume introduces an integrated framework combining Sentiment and Emotion Analysis, rooted in lexical semantics, and the qualitative dimensions of Appraisal Theory, applying it to large corpora of online political communication from the UK, France, and Italy. Combei and Reggi highlight their combined potential in analyzing the multimodal resources in such discourses and in turn, revealing fresh insights into layers of subtext and the ways in which parties and movements frame their political programmes and values. The authors also take into account culture- and language-specific variables across the three countries in shaping such discourses. The volume makes the case for an integrated methodological framework that can be uniquely applied to better understand the multimodal communicative landscape of divisiveness in today’s rapidly shifting political climate and other forms of online communication more broadly. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in digital communication, political communication, multimodality, and qualitative and quantitative discourse analysis, especially those interested in corpus-assisted approaches.
Economies - and the government institutions that support them - reflect a moral and political choice, a choice we can make and remake. Since the dawn of industrialization and democratization in the late eighteenth century, there has been a succession of political economic frameworks, reflecting changes in technology, knowledge, trade, global connections, political power, and the expansion of citizenship. The challenges of today reveal the need for a new moral political economy that recognizes the politics in political economy. It also requires the redesign of our social, economic, and governing institutions based on assumptions about humans as social beings rather than narrow self-serving individualists. This Element makes some progress toward building a new moral political economy by offering both a theory of change and some principles for institutional (re)design.
#1 NATIONAL BESTSELLER • A passionate call to arms against our era’s most pervasive human rights violation—the oppression of women and girls in the developing world. From the bestselling authors of Tightrope, two of our most fiercely moral voices With Pulitzer Prize winners Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn as our guides, we undertake an odyssey through Africa and Asia to meet the extraordinary women struggling there, among them a Cambodian teenager sold into sex slavery and an Ethiopian woman who suffered devastating injuries in childbirth. Drawing on the breadth of their combined reporting experience, Kristof and WuDunn depict our world with anger, sadness, clarity, and, ultimately, hope. They show how a little help can transform the lives of women and girls abroad. That Cambodian girl eventually escaped from her brothel and, with assistance from an aid group, built a thriving retail business that supports her family. The Ethiopian woman had her injuries repaired and in time became a surgeon. A Zimbabwean mother of five, counseled to return to school, earned her doctorate and became an expert on AIDS. Through these stories, Kristof and WuDunn help us see that the key to economic progress lies in unleashing women’s potential. They make clear how so many people have helped to do just that, and how we can each do our part. Throughout much of the world, the greatest unexploited economic resource is the female half of the population. Countries such as China have prospered precisely because they emancipated women and brought them into the formal economy. Unleashing that process globally is not only the right thing to do; it’s also the best strategy for fighting poverty. Deeply felt, pragmatic, and inspirational, Half the Sky is essential reading for every global citizen.
This book deals with the role that World War I played in the life and literary imagination of the Italian author and solider Gabriele D'Annunzio. D'Annunzio believed war would not only solve the mystery of death, it would also provide him with a means of redemption.
This open-access book explores the security dynamics amid the polarization, shifting borders, and liquid governance that define the Zeitenwende era in Europe's eastern neighbourhood and Central Asia. Presenting various case studies, the volume unveils the intricate web of border dynamics and practices, including the nuanced interplay of border disputes within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) member states. The contributions shed new light on how contested borders and liquid modes of governance have impacted the engagement of international organizations such as the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and OSCE in security crises and conflict prevention. Delving deeper, a special part dissects the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and examines European and international responses. By analyzing the stances of diverse European countries, their neighborhood, and international organizations, this section uncovers commonalities and disparities in their approaches to the Ukrainian crisis.
The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements is an innovative volume that presents a comprehensive exploration of social movement studies, mapping the field and expanding it to examine the recent developments in cognate areas of studies, within and beyond sociology and political science. This volume brings together the most distinguished social and political scientists working in this field, each writing thought-provoking essays in their area of expertise, and facilitates conversations between classic social movement agenda and lines of research. The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements discusses core theoretical perspectives, recent contributions from the field, and how patterns of macro social change may affect social movements, as well as suggesting what contributions social movement studies can give to other research areas in various disciplines.