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Excerpt from Fish, Amphibian, and Reptile Inventory for Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area: Prepared for University of Wyoming National Park Service Research Center, and the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Montana and Wyoming Another important variable influencing animal distribution patterns is the fluctuating pool level in Yellowtail Reservoir. Although normal pool elevation is 1213 m, much variation occurs throughout the year as well as from one year to the next (national Park Service, Causes of this variation are complex, including weather, depth of snowpack in the mountains surrounding the Bighorn Basin and the Wind River Drainage, flow-rate adjustments made at Boysen and Yellowtail Dams, and evaporation rates. Changes in the surface area of the reservoir are minor at the north end because of the steep canyon walls, but at the south end the reservoir inundates large, shallow areas along the Bighorn and Shoshone Rivers (national Park Service, When the pool level is low, these floodplains dry up, greatly reducing the amount of wetlands present. In years of low precipitation and low pool levels, such as in 1985, water levels in the few permanent wetlands along the reservoir margins are very low. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
The southwestern deserts stretch from southeastern California to west Texas and then south to central Mexico. The landscape of this region is known as basin and range topography featuring to “sky islands” of forest rising from the desert lowlands which creates a uniquely diverse ecology. The region is further complicated by an international border, where governments have caused difficulties for many animal populations. This book puts a spotlight on individual research projects which are specific examples of work being done in the area and when they are all brought together, to shed a general light of understanding the biological and cultural resources of this vast region so that those same resources can be managed as effectively and efficiently as possible. The intent is to show that collaborative efforts among federal, state agency, university, and private sector researchers working with land managers, provides better science and better management than when scientists and land managers work independently.
General geology papers and road logs for the Millenium Field Conference in Utah.
The vast scope of conservation problems has forced biologists and managers to rely on "surrogate" species to serve as shortcuts to guide their decision making. These species-known by a host of different terms, including indicator, umbrella, and flagship species-act as proxies to represent larger conservation issues, such as the location of biodiversity hotspots or general ecosystem health. Synthesizing an immense body of literature, conservation biologist and field researcher Tim Caro offers systematic definitions of surrogate species concepts, explores biological theories that underlie them, considers how surrogate species are chosen, critically examines evidence for and against their utility, and makes recommendations for their continued use. The book clarifies terminology and contrasts how different terms are used in the real world considers the ecological, taxonomic, and political underpinnings of these shortcuts identifies criteria that make for good surrogate species outlines the circumstances where the application of the surrogate species concept shows promise Conservation by Proxy is a benchmark reference that provides clear definitions and common understanding of the evidence and theory behind surrogate species. It is the first book to review and bring together literature on more than fifteen types of surrogate species, enabling us to assess their role in conservation and offering guidelines on how they can be used most effectively.