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The lessons learned from this flood focus on the performance of the levees, governmental responses, the effects of flood fighting, change in stages due to levee breaches, flood modeling, and the lack of information dissemination to the public on the technical aspects of the flood. These lessons point out information gaps and the need for research in the areas of hydraulics and hydrology, meteorology, sediment transport and sedimentation, surface and ground-water interactions, water quality, and levees. The report presents a comprehensive summary of the 1993 flood as far as climate, hydrology, and hydraulics are concerned.
Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
This Design Study Report presents the investigations made for the replacement of the MacArthur Bridge and its approaches in the States of Iowa and Illinois for US Route 34. The study area included all roadway and structures from the Central Avenue Bridge over US-34 in Iowa to the Burlington Northern railroad bridge in Illinois. The replacement river structure is set 75 ft downstream from the centerline of the existing bridge to the centerline of proposed US 34. The project is divided into three sections for the study. These are the Iowa Approach up to the first land pier for the river bridge, the river bridge from the first land pier in Iowa to the abutment on the river side of the Henderson County Levee, and the Illinois Approach from the river bridge abutment to the Burlington Northern railroad overpass. The selection of a structural concept for the river bridge has little or no affect on the construction cost of roadway items, demolition and structures at the Burlington Interchange which will be $2,993,000. For the river crossing, four concepts for the channel span-- a truss, a tied arch, and cable-stayed girders in steel and concrete--were investigated. Multiple girders in steel and in prestressed concrete and post-tensioned concrete box girder approaches were evaluated in conjunction with the channel span schemes. Based on estimated construction costs, which out-weigh other considerations, it is recommended that a simple span through truss with multiple prestressed concrete approach spans be constructed for an expenditure of $30,039,000. As multiple steel girders are competitive with multiple prestressed concrete girders, for the approach spans, it is further recommended that an alternate design be prepared for that portion of the structure. The construction cost for the Illinois approach has a minor impact from the selection of a river bridge concept and for the recommended scheme would be $2,956,000.