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Volume 1 assesses the state of financial sector development in seven of the 12 Pacific developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It consolidates the findings of individual country reports on the Fiji Islands, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu, and recommends strategies for developing sound financial systems in the areas of macroeconomic policy, banking systems, nonbank financial institutions, financial markets, microfinance, and land tenure systems. Volume 2 specifically analyzes the attempts by Pacific developing member countries' governments to strengthen and develop their financial systems in order to promote economic development. They emanate from a regional technical assistance project that had the objective of formulating strategies for financial sector development, which would be the basis of a policy dialogue between the governments and ADB. Recommendations are of special relevance to the operations and management of central banks.
Volume 1 assesses the state of financial sector development in seven of the 12 Pacific developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It consolidates the findings of individual country reports on the Fiji Islands, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu, and recommends strategies for developing sound financial systems in the areas of macroeconomic policy, banking systems, nonbank financial institutions, financial markets, microfinance, and land tenure systems. Volume 2 specifically analyzes the attempts by Pacific developing member countries' governments to strengthen and develop their financial systems in order to promote economic development. They emanate from a regional technical assistance project that had the objective of formulating strategies for financial sector development, which would be the basis of a policy dialogue between the governments and ADB. Recommendations are of special relevance to the operations and management of central banks.
In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.
The challenging geography and poor infrastructure of many Pacific nations mean digital financial services (DFS) are a particularly effective means of enhancing financial inclusion in the region. However, a number of major challenges confront DFS in the Pacific, including the establishment of reliable agent networks and the building of sufficient consumer trust in DFS for it to become a viable payments channel. This report examines the current use of DFS in the Pacific, analyzes the issues that need to be addressed, and provides recommendations for increasing financial inclusion in the region. This publication was produced by the Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative, a regional technical assistance facility cofinanced by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Government of Australia and the New Zealand government.
The Bali Fintech Agenda highlights 12 principles for policymakers to consider when formulating their approaches to new financial technology (fintech). The agenda aims to harness the potential of fintech while managing associated risks. This paper looks at how some elements of the Bali Fintech Agenda could be used in Pacific island countries, which face significant financial-structural challenges.
This departmental paper provides an in-depth overview of access to climate finance for Pacific Island Countries, evaluating successes and challenges faced by countries and proposes a way forward to unlock access to climate funds.
Fish, fishing, and fisheries--the various products, the trade, and the industry--all benefit the people and economies of the Pacific in a variety of ways, but the full value of these benefits is not reflected in the region's statistics. The research summarized in this report reaffirms the importance of this sector to the economies and societies of the Pacific island countries.
There is a vast body of literature estimating the impact of financial development on economic growth, inequality, and economic stability. A typical empirical study approximates financial development with either one of two measures of financial depth – the ratio of private credit to GDP or stock market capitalization to GDP. However, these indicators do not take into account the complex multidimensional nature of financial development. The contribution of this paper is to create nine indices that summarize how developed financial institutions and financial markets are in terms of their depth, access, and efficiency. These indices are then aggregated into an overall index of financial development. With the coverage of 183 countries on annual frequency between 1980 and 2013, the database should offer a useful analytical tool for researchers and policy makers.
Work is constantly reshaped by technological progress. New ways of production are adopted, markets expand, and societies evolve. But some changes provoke more attention than others, in part due to the vast uncertainty involved in making predictions about the future. The 2019 World Development Report will study how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. Technological progress disrupts existing systems. A new social contract is needed to smooth the transition and guard against rising inequality. Significant investments in human capital throughout a person’s lifecycle are vital to this effort. If workers are to stay competitive against machines they need to train or retool existing skills. A social protection system that includes a minimum basic level of protection for workers and citizens can complement new forms of employment. Improved private sector policies to encourage startup activity and competition can help countries compete in the digital age. Governments also need to ensure that firms pay their fair share of taxes, in part to fund this new social contract. The 2019 World Development Report presents an analysis of these issues based upon the available evidence.