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This book analyses the dichotomy between the goal of social inclusion and the effect of social exclusion through over-indebtedness since 2008 in Europe. Filling a vital gap in the current literature on the effects of the financial and economic crisis, this volume puts into context academic discussion with the real-life dimension of over-indebtedness. Reports from six European countries provide socio-economic and legal information on over-indebtedness as well as the regulatory and judicial responses to the problems entailed by over-indebtedness. They form the empirical background for five analyses of different aspects of the inclusion-exclusion dichotomy. It becomes clear that in the context of credit expansion, individual over-indebtedness has turned into a social issue, which the current design of the consumer credit and mortgage system in Europe has helped to produce while disregarding the consequential danger of social exclusion.
This article examines household indebtedness immediately after the Global Financial Crisis by comparing Ireland, the UK, the US, and the Euro Area. The article focuses on patterns of indebtedness across age-groups. The paper is the first to carry out this type of cross-country analysis of household debt burdens and its distribution across different household types. Compared to all other countries, Irish borrowers born from the mid-1960s through to the very early-1980s have substantially higher levels of debt - both in absolute terms and relative to their incomes. However, the low interest rate environment that has prevailed since 2008 has been particularly beneficial to these highly indebted Irish households, resulting in a debt-service burden (the ratio of debt repayments to income) that is broadly in line with that in other countries. However, in relative terms, a far greater proportion of Irish borrowers on variable rate loans are also exposed to potential interest rate rises in the future. We show that a 1 to 2% interest rate rise reduces the disposable income after debt repayments of a typical borrower by between 2 and 4%, with larger impacts for younger borrowers. As well as the impact on household spending from lower disposable incomes, there could also be financial stability implications, depending on how increases in the debt service burden affect households' ability to repay debt.
"The growing indebtedness of households reported over the last thirty years and in most developed countries has serious economic and social implications. This book provides insight into the concepts, measures, and determinants of household indebtedness, over-indebtedness, and well-being by integrating theoretical perspectives, adopting recent analytical methods, using a sample of Polish households. The authors identified the socio-demographic and economic characteristics of indebted and over-indebted households, as well as the basic characteristics of indebtedness and the differences in its subjective perception among over-indebted households and those that are not over-indebted. They determined the spatial differentiation of over-indebtedness, examining the relationship between economic, social and behavioural factors and over-indebtedness and the role of over-indebtedness in shaping the economic well-being of households. The results of a questionnaire conducted on a sample of Polish households and econometric modelling served as the basis for assessing the economic well-being of indebted households. This assessment was conducted with the use of a composite well-being indicator developed by the authors. Given the multidimensional nature of the issues being analysed, the authors offer an approach that accounts for two separate but overlapping dimensions of economic well-being, namely material and financial, and two ways of assessing each of them: objective and subjective. The book holds appeal for researchers, scholars and students of economics, finance, consumer economics and economic psychology and offers practical guidance for policymakers and advisors who deal with consumer affairs"--