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This book explores financial crime and corruption in Romanian society based on a community pulse study. It examines the main behavioral patterns of Romanian society in relation to financial crime variables such as tax compliance, tax morale, corruption in public institutions, and money laundering. The authors also investigate how various demographic aspects (e.g., age, gender, region, professional status, education, etc.) are associated with financial crime. The results of the enclosed survey help policy makers consider best practices in financial governance to reduce the level of financial crime in the region.
The aim of this book is to determine the financial crime community pulse in Romania. For this purpose, a survey questionnaire was distributed to 1,856 respondents between May 27th - June 6th, 2022.The first objective of our book consists in finding the main patterns that characterize the Romanian community, related to the financial crime perception variables (the level of tax compliance, the level of tax morale reflected as the attitude of citizens towards accepting cheating on taxes, the perception of the corruption level in Romanian public institutions, the level of skills possessed by citizens to detect the risk of money laundering and the attitude towards giving information to bank officers). We find that a majority of 64 percent of the citizens interviewed had a good or very good level of tax compliance, meaning that they have declared that they paid their taxes long before the last deadline (for discount benefits or not only for discount benefits). Regarding their tax morale, we found that a majority of 74 percent of the Romanian respondents had an active attitude towards accepting cheating on taxes (they usually or always receive their receipt and take it); about 13 percent of respondents have a proactive attitude (if they do not receive their receipt, they ask for it) while another 13 percent of respondents have a passive attitude (if they receive or do not receive their receipt, it doesn't matter). When it comes to corruption, a majority of 66 percent of Romanian citizens have declared that they perceived the level of Romanian corruption to be high or very high. Additionally, our results show that a majority of 70 percent of our citizens have low or very low skills to detect the risk of money laundering in a business; about 25 percent of those interviewed have medium skills, while only about 5 percent have high or very high skills for detecting suspicious transactions. About 68 percent of citizens have a good attitude toward being asked for information by bank officers, while about 32 percent have a medium or bad attitude (refuse or hardly provide required information to bank officers).The second objective of the book is to investigate how the demographic aspects considered in the survey (age, gender, region of living, professional status, and education) are associated with the considered financial crime perception variables. In the majority of cases, the demographic variables were found to be significant determinants for the perception of financial crime, while age was found to have the most significant impact. The results are important for policy makers in order to adopt the proper policies that would reduce the level of financial crime in Romania.
This book deals with the widespread economic and financial crime issues of corruption, the shadow economy and money laundering. It investigates both the theoretical and practical aspects of these crimes, identifying their effects on economic, social and political life. This book presents these causes and effects with a state of the art review and with recent empirical research. It compares the international and transnational aspects of these economic and financial crimes through discussion and critical analysis. This volume will be of interest to researchers and policy makers working to study and prevent economic and financial crime, white collar crime, and organized crime.
This chapter discloses and discusses the results of the study. The first objective of the study consisted of finding the main patterns that characterize the Romanian community, related to the level of tax compliance, attitude of citizens towards accepting cheating on taxes, the perception of corruption level in the Romanian public institutions, the level of skills possessed by citizens to detect the risk of money laundering, and the attitude towards providing information to bank officers. A serious of color charts are included to make it easier for the reader to visualize the results.
The study of white-collar crime remains a central concern for criminologists around the world and research concentrates on its nature, prevalence, causes and responses. However, most books on white-collar crime tend to focus on Anglo-American examples, which is surprising given the amount of rich data and research taking place in mainland Europe. This new handbook seeks to reset the balance and, for the first time, presents an overview of state-of-the-art research on white-collar crime in Europe. Adding to the existing Anglo-American body of knowledge, the Handbook will discuss specific European topics and typical European features of white-collar crime. The Routledge Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate Crime in Europe consists of more than thirty chapters on topics ranging from the Icelandic Banking Crisis, to the origins of the study of white collar crime, to contemporary topics, such as white-collar crime in countries post-transition from communist regimes; the illegal e-waste trade and white-collar crime in professional football. Furthermore, the book contains extensive case study analyses of landmark European cases of white-collar crime. The editors have gathered together the leading voices in the field and a final section offers commentaries on white-collar crime in Europe from eminent criminologists David Friedrichs and Hazel Croall. This Handbook will thus serve as a work of reference for all scholars and students engaged in the study of corporate and white-collar crime and will also set out directions for new research in the future.
In the last decade, Romania implemented a strong legislation and a comprehensive program of public financial management reform in order to improve the national fiscal transparency and to reduce corruption. Corruption is a growing phenomenon all over the world, affecting economic development and aggravated by the legacy of the global economic crisis. The global risks are different from the past due to notably cyber attacks, new economic realities and geopolitical risks. Most of the time, corruption is associated with financial crime, fraud and bribery. Corruption is a major factor of reducing economic development and the governments must increase of macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts in order to facilitate access to the public funds.