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The project concept. Projects, the cutting edge of development. Plans and projects. Advanteges of the project format. Aspects of project preparation and analysis. The project cycle. Accuracy of agricultural project analyses. Why agricultural project analyses prove wrong. Steps in project analysis. Identifying project costs and benefits. Objectives, costs, and benefits. Direct transfer payments. Costs of agricultural projects. Tangible benefits of agricultural projects. Secondary costs and benefits. Intangible costs and benefits. Financial aspects of project analysis. Pricing project costs and benefits. Prices reflect value. Finding market prices. Predictin future prices. Prices for internationally traded commodities. Financial export and import parity prices.Farm investment analysis. Objectives of financial analysis. Preparing the farm investment analysis. Elements of farm invewstment analysis. Net benefit increase. Unit activity budgets. Computing debt service. Financial analysis of processing industries. Balance sheet. Sources-and-uses-of-funds statement. Financial ratios. Financial rate of return. Analyzing project effects on government receipts and expenditures. Economic aspects of project analysis. Determining economic values. Aggregating project accounts. Measures of project worth. Comparing project costs and benefits. Applying discounted measures of project worth. Sensitivity analysis (treatment of uncertainty). Switching value. Choosing among mutually exclusive alternatives.
Published in 1995, this set of 13 essays on the causes and implications of financial problems in three different economic organizations - corporate, semi-co-operative and non-co-operative farming communities and sovereign states. Areas covered include insolvency and bankruptcy, and risk-sharing/spreading behaviour.
This book is the first of two volumes that aim to provide an up-to-date overview of the key data and techniques necessary for analysing the historical behaviour of business and financial cycles in the United Kingdom. Drawing on an extensive secondary literature and the considerable body of historical macroeconomic and financial time series data that exist for the United Kingdom, the two volumes will review the key features of historical recessions and recoveries over the course of three and a half centuries. Volume 1 provides an overview of UK business cycles since 1660. The first part of the book considers old and new theories of the business cycle, looking at the impulses that generate business cycles and the propagation mechanisms that determine their duration and amplitude. The second part of the book uses the latest historical estimates of GDP to look at different ways of measuring and estimating business cycle fluctuations within a simple univariate framework. Finally, the book provides a narrative of UK economic fluctuations since 1660 using a whole range of economic data to shed light on the main drivers of cyclical behaviour. It concludes by highlighting areas for future research especially with regard to the link between business and financial cycles, some of which will be explored in Volume 2.
The preparation of the present report was entrusted to Professor B.G. Ohlin by the Financial Organisation of the League of Nations. The International Labor Office and the International Institute of Agriculture collaborated with him by furnishing information relating to the subjects of their special concern. cf. Pref
"The conference was organized by the three editors of this book and took place on August 15-16, 2012 in Seattle."--Preface.
Projects: the "cutting edge" of development; Identifying costs and benefits of agricultural projects; Selecting proper values; Comparing costs and benetits; Applying discounted measures of project worth; Financial analysis cosiderations for agricultural projects; Source of assistance for project preparation.
Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.
The IMF's World Economic Outlook is packed with country specific facts, figures, and worldwide projections that present the outlook for growth, inflation, trade, and other economic developments in a clear, practical format. Leading international economists pull together the latest data on key topics, producing informed projections and policy analyses that show where the global economy is headed in the years to come. Business executives, policymakers, bankers, investors, marketing strategists, and economists worldwide refer to the WEO with confidence because it delivers a balanced view of the current economic situation, built upon the respected and extensive macroeconomic expertise and statistical resources of the IMF. The WEO is the product of a unique international exercise in information gathering and analysis performed by over 1,000 economists on the IMF staff. An annual subscription to the World Economic Outlook, published at least twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, offers a comprehensive assessment of the international economic situation as well as prospects for the future. With its analyses backed by the expertise and unparalleled resources of the IMF, the World Economic Outlook is the authoritative reference in its field. Today, when even small economic fluctuations can trigger major financial swings, the WEO supplies a solid source of actionable information and data.