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Two aspects concerning evaluation by the Marshall method of bituminous airport pavement construction were addressed. Results from field Marshall and extraction tests were analyzed to identify correlations among the Marshall properties--stability, flow, and air voids--and asphalt content and aggregate gradation, This was done to evaluate the implementation of a multiple price adjustment system based on Marshall properties, and for the development of mathematical models for estimating each property from the percent asphalt content and aggregate gradation. Data were obtained from 5 airport paving projects; however, 2 of these had such small tonnages that there were not sufficient data to prove meaningful. A moderately low negative correlation exists between stability and air voids, while no statistically significant correlation was found to exist between stability and flow. The flow and air voids correlations were not consistent among the two projects considered, with one suggesting a moderately low negative correlation, and the other no statistically significant one. The mathematical models developed for stability, flow, and air voids from extracted asphalt content and aggregate gradation were not good predictors of those properties. This is probably due to primarily to the relatively high sampling and testing variability associated with the field extraction tests. Keywords: Acceptance Plans, Marshall Properties, Price Adjustments, Statistical Quality Control, and Correlation.
The laboratory phase of a three phase research effort conducted to field validate a multiple price adjustment system for bituminous airport pavements using the Marshall properties, stability, flow and air voids, is presented. The purpose of the laboratory phase was to identify whether correlations exist among the Marshall properties within individual tests. To consider the use of these properties in a multiple price adjustment system, it was first necessary to identify these correlations. The experimental design consisted of 4 different aggregate gradations and 6 different asphalt contents for a total of 24 combinations. A total of 12 replicates were tested for each combination for a total of 288 Marshall test specimens, A number of statistical analyses were conducted on the laboratory test results. An analysis of variance was conducted to determine whether time, i.e., order of testing, had an effect on the results. Correlation coefficients among the Marshall properties, i.e., stability with flow, stability with air voids and flow with air voids, were calculated for each of the 24 combinations. The results of the analysis indicate correlations that are consistent enough to violate an assumption of statistical independence among the properties. The results indicate that the effect of correlations among the properties should be taken into consideration in developing a multiple price adjustment approach based on the Marshall properties. Keywords include: Acceptance plans, Price Adjustment, Marshall Properties, Statistical Quality Control, and Correlation.