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Five replicates of asphaltic concrete at five asphalt contents were produced and tested to compare maximum specific gravities determined by individual constituents, by solvent immersion, and by ASTM D-2041. The effects of variations in asphalt content on the maximum specific gravities obtained by the three methods were also considered. A statistically significant difference was found to exist between the solvent immersion and ASTM D-2041 methods at all five asphalt contents; whereas, no significant difference was found between the solvent immersion and individual constituents methods. There was a significant difference between the ASTM D-2041 method and individual constituents methods. This difference varies with asphalt content. Since the solvent immersion and ASTM D-2041 methods provide statistically different results, it is not appropriate to allow the use of both methods in the same specification unless separate acceptance limits are used. It is recommended that the solvent immersion method be eliminated from use since the ASTM D-2041 procedures are much more commonly used. To avoid the use of a correction factor to convert the ASTM D-2041 values to equivalent individual constituents values, as is currently done, it is recommended that the maximum specific gravity for job mix formula determination be established by the ASTM D-2041 method. Keywords: Air voids, Specific gravity, Acceptance plans, Solvent immersion, Individual constituents, and Pycnometer.
This report summarizes a research project that investigated the use of Marshall properties for acceptance purposes. Since the Marshall properties are physically related, they can be expected to be statistically correlated. It is therefore necessary to determine whether correlations should be considered when developing acceptance plans. The research consisted of 3 major phases; a laboratory analysis, field data collection and computer simulation analyses. A laboratory analysis was conducted to establish whether correlations are present among asphalt content, gradation, and the Marshall values for stability, flow and air voids. Another aspect of the laboratory analysis investigated 3 methods for determining maximum specific gravity (MSG) for air voids determination. Field data were also collected from 5 paving projects. Finally, computer simulation was used to evaluate the performance of 7 methods for determining the payment factor for the Marshall properties. It is recommended that ASTM D-2041 be used to establish MSG values for both the job mix formula and for field quality control testing. It is also recommended that the quality control testing. It is also recommended that the quality index approach be used to estimate individual PWL values for each of the Marshall properties. These PWL values can then be used with a payment schedule to determine individual payment factors for the 3 properties. The overall Marshall payment factor is then the average of the 3 individual factors. Keywords: Acceptance Plans, Marshall Properties, Computer Simulation, Quality Assurance, Multiple Price Adjustments, Correlation, Statistical Quality Control.