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Symposiumverslagen over: de omvang van ureum als meststof op de wereldmarkt; bodem-, milieu- en beheersfactoren die de ammoniakvervluchtiging beinvloeden; factoren die de ureumhydrolyse beinvloeden; de chemische balans m.b.t. de ammoniakvervluchtiging; modelmatige weergave voor het voorspellen van de vervluchtiging; vergelijking van methoden voor ammoniakmetingen; ontwikkelingen omtrent de toepassing van remstoffen bij de urease-vorming; mechanismen bij de urease-vorming; ammoniakvervluchtiging van ureumfosfaatmeststoffen
Volume 73 contains 4 reviews on contemporary and important topics in the agronomic sciences. In Chapter 1, "Interactions among Root-Inhabiting Fungi and Their Implications for Biological Control of Root Pathogens," fungi are defined, their distribution and abundance are discussed, and their role in agroecosystems is present. Chapter 2, "Dwarfing Genes in Plant Improvement," discusses advances in the role of dwarfing genes in plant improvement. Emphasis is placed on breeding and genetic aspects. Chapter 3, "A Review of the Effect of N Fertilizer Type on Gaseous Emissions," covers a topic that is of great environmental interest — the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on gaseous emissions. Chapter 4, "Rhizobia in the Field," is a comprehensive review of rhizobia including diversity, systematics, natural populations, and field introduction of rhizobia.
Supplying crops with adequate nitrogen is vital to ensuring food supplies. Once nitrogen is added to the soil, it is subject to chemical transformations of the nitrogen-cycle including transformation to nitrate. Excessive amounts of accumulated nitrate may then leach out of the soil and could potentially enter and contaminate drinking water supplies. The purpose of this book is to examine the subject of nitrogen management and ground water protection.The issue of maintaining ground water quality is addressed primarily from an agronomic point of view. Topics covered include: health and economic aspects of nitrate in drinking water; nitrate sources; ground water nitrate in the USA and other developed countries; transport, leaching and accounting for nitrogen; soil, nitrogen, crop and water management; and nitrate in aquifer systems. The book contains a keyword index and is organized into thirteen chapters, each with appropriate references, tables and figures. Chapter authors are among the leading experts on the subject of nitrate and ground water quality.Readers to whom the book is directed include soil scientists and agronomists, agricultural engineers (irrigation and drainage), environmental scientists, agricultural policy makers, and hydrologists.
The study of soil nitrogen has long been an active field, but it was generally pivoted on agricultural and forestry production, and animal husbandry. With the rapid increase in the use of fertilizer nitrogen, more attention has been paid to the rela tionship between nitrogen management and environmental quality and human of soil nitrogen has become more comprehensive with health. In addition, the study the development of related sciences. The quantitative study of the processes in nitrogen cycling and their interrelationships has been an important part of this project and has attracted the attention of scientists allover the world. Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and the applica tion of fertilizer nitrogen is playing an important role in agricultural production. The annual consumption of fertilizer nitrogen in the world has reached 70 million tons, and China has an annual consumption of more than 15 million tons and is the largest fertilizer nitrogen consumer in the world. However, the efficiency of nitro gen fertilizer is low and losses are large. It is estimated that nitrogen losses from agriculture in our country can be as high as 40-60% of the nitrogen applied. Some of the lost nitrogen enters the atmosphere and contributes to the greenhouse effect and some enters water bodies to pollute the water.
Much has been learned about the proper and judicious use of fertilizers. Fertilizer application by farmers has grown from an art to a science. As food producers have strived to increase crop yields by overcoming nutrient deficiencies the use of fertil izers has increased dramatically. This has created a large chemical industry capable of supplying the needed plant food elements. A more complete understanding of soil chemistry and plant nutrition has led to greater fertilizer use with improved fertilization methods and crop cultural practices. Improved fertilizer technology has led to the production of more efficient forms of fertilizer. The modem fertilizer industry and with it fertilization practices began in the humid countries of the world. The use of fertilizers in arid and semiarid regions was later in development, although agriculture had its beginning in semiarid and arid regions. The development offertilizer use is parallel to industrial development in various areas of the world.