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The cotton industry was the first large-scale factory system to emerge during the industrial revolution, and as such there were no set business practices for employers or employees to follow in the organisation of the shop floor. In this book, Janet Greenlees argues that this situation provided workers in both Britain and the United States with a unique opportunity to influence decisions about work patterns and conditions of labour, and to set the precedent for industries that were to follow. Furthermore, data relating to the mass employment of women in the cotton industries, is used to challenge many of the tacit assumptions of women's passivity as workers that pervade the current literature.
Britain and America were the first two countries with mechanised cotton manufacturing industries, the first major factory systems of production and the first major employers of women outside of the domestic environment. The combination of being new wage earners in the first trans-national industry and their public prominence as workers makes these women's role as employees significant; they set the early standard for women as waged labour, to which later female workers were compared. This book analyses how women workers influenced patterns of industrial organization and offers a new perspective on relationships between gender and work and on industrial development. The primary theme of the study is the attempt to control the work process through co-operation, coercion and conflict between women workers, their male counterparts and manufacturers. Drawing upon examples of women's subversive activities and attitudes toward the discourses of labour, the book emphasizes the variety of women's work experiences. By using this diversity of experience in a comparative way, the book reaches conclusions that challenge a variety of historical concepts, including separate spheres of influence for men and women and related economic theories, for example that women were passive players in the workplace, evolutionary theories with respect to industrial development, and business culture within and between the two industries. Overall it provides the fresh approach that highlights and explains women's agency as operatives and paid workers during industrialization.
"Women's Employment and the Capitalist Family" responds to the growing recognition of the economic, social, and electoral importance of women. This original study draws upon an interdisciplinary approach which fully incorporates both empirical and historical material. Ben Fine provides a critical assessment of the literature which examines the changing labor market participation of women. He explores such issues as the domestic labor debate, the role of patriarchy theory, gender and labor market theory, the capitalist family, and the position of working women in the economy. He uses demographic and historical factors such as the movement towards mass consumption through factory production to explain the timing of women's increasing dependence on waged work. Although economic issues are the main focus of the book, it also considers non-economic contributing factors, making full use of historical and empirical material. "Women's Employment and the Capitalist Family" is written from a marxist-feminist perspective, and argues convincingly that this approach offers a greater challenge to the orthodoxies within economics and sociology which have as yet been untouched by postmodern theories. Despite its theoretical focus, the book avoids technicalities and will be accessible to a wide, interdisciplinary audience.
In Indian context.
A superb introduction to the prospect of opening our idea of the working class to include non-waged workers, specifically women who work in the home. A simple idea with profound revolutionary consequences. If the workers of the world are not all in the factory, and are not all men, where does that leave us?
Originally published in 1982, Work, Women and the Labour Market presents through original articles a coherent overall picture of women’s employment in contemporary British capitalism. For the first time it brings together concrete studies which show graphically how women’s unequal position at work is shaped by the capital-labour relation and by women’s place as housewives and mothers. The book illuminates the differences and similarities in women’s and men’s experience in the labour market and as members of the working class. It is about how and why women come to be in jobs typically regarded as semi or unskilled, about the causes of low pay, and about women workers’ consciousness as workers and as women. It looks at the role of trade unions in relation to women and to sexual divisions, and at how class and gender relations are woven together in the production process. The nine closely researched contributions examine the development of women’s and men’s work in clothing and other manufacturing industries, clerical work in local government, microelectronics in the office, the position of Asian and West Indian women in the labour market, women’s role in the family and part-time work, and women’s involvement and influence in trade unions.
Extrait de la couverture : "This vibrant assemblage on women's work and economic development drwas on original fieldwork by an international group of authors. Leacock and Safa focus on a common theme - that it is necessary to examine the division of labor by sex in order to understand the underlying structure of gender and of women's status. The nontechnical style, the breadth of coverage, and the emphasis on first-hand materials will prompt future research and contribute a thought-provokong teaching tool to courses i women's Studies, Women's Work, and Economic Development."
Dr Hakim tests the power of patriarchy theory against economic and psychophysiology theories. Sex discrimination, part-time work, flexible hours, homeworking, marriage and career patterns, labour mobility, labour turnover and the impact of the European Union are all considered. Analysis of the grand sweep of history over the last century, based on large national surveys, is complemented by case studies of people working in occupations undergoing change and their resistance to it. Throughout the book comparisons are drawn between Britain, the USA, and other European countries and also China, Japan and other Far Eastern societies. The analysis draws on sociology, economics, psychology, labour law, history and anthropology to conclude that female heterogeneity is increasing, explaining the growing polarisation of women's employment and many contradictory research results
Women Constitute Half Of The World S Population And Approximately One Third Of The Official Labour Force.Unlike Employment Of Adult Male Labour That Of Women Labour Had Shown Upward Trend. Rural Women Engage In A Wide Range Of Income-Generating Activities, But Their Participation In Labour Market Is Subject To Serious Constraints, Lack Of Access To Land And Other Resources, Lack Of Control Over Labour And Income And Lack Of Physical Occupational Mobility.Women At Work Consists Of The Following Topics: Women S Work; Review Of Studies On Middle Class Women S Entry Into The World Of Work; Female Labour And Capitalism In The Us And Brazil; Work And Status Of Women In The Ussr, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia And China; Women And Self-Employed; Women In Work-Force In Australia And New Zealand; Women Managers Etc.