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The Colorado River had one of the most unique fish communities in the world. Seventy-five percent of those species were found nowhere else in the world. Settlement of the lower basin brought dramatic change to both the river and its native fish. Those changes began more than 120 years ago as settlers began stocking nonnative fishes. By 1930, nonnative fish had spread throughout the lower basin and replaced native communities. All resemblance of historic river conditions faded with the construction of Hoover Dam in 1935 and other large water development projects. Today, few remember what the Colorado River was really like. Seven of the nine mainstream fishes are now Federally-protected as endangered. Federal and state agencies are attempting to recover these fish. However, progress has been frustrated due to the severity of human impact. This report represents testimony, old descriptions, and photographs describing the changes that have taken place in hopes that it will provide managers, biologists, and the interested public a better appreciation of the environment that shaped these unique fish.
This directory provides information relative to the incorporated Native American villages of Alaska and the American Indian reservations of mainland U.S. There are approximately 170 Alaskan entries which identify the name of the Native American corporation, its address, the number of villages incorporated, population number, racial distribution, and land status. Each of the some 400 entries on the American Indian reservations include the following items of information: (1) reservation name; (2) county and state location; (3) tribal name; (4) address of tribal headquarters; (5) population number; (6) land status; (7) a brief history; (8) a brief cultural sketch; (9) tribal government; (10) tribal economy; (11) climate; (12) transportation (in terms of accessability); (13) community facilities; and (13) vital statistics (population of Indians residing on or adjacent to reservation, labor force, employment vs unemployed, and average educational level when identifiable). Reference is also made to recreational activities in some entries. Population data is derived from the Bureau of Indian Affairs' 1969-1973 census figures.
The southwestern deserts stretch from southeastern California to west Texas and then south to central Mexico. The landscape of this region is known as basin and range topography featuring to “sky islands” of forest rising from the desert lowlands which creates a uniquely diverse ecology. The region is further complicated by an international border, where governments have caused difficulties for many animal populations. This book puts a spotlight on individual research projects which are specific examples of work being done in the area and when they are all brought together, to shed a general light of understanding the biological and cultural resources of this vast region so that those same resources can be managed as effectively and efficiently as possible. The intent is to show that collaborative efforts among federal, state agency, university, and private sector researchers working with land managers, provides better science and better management than when scientists and land managers work independently.