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The Richland Creek WMA constructed wetland for water reuse, located 40 km southeast of Corsicana, Texas, was designed by Tarrant Regional Water District (TRWD) and is operated jointly with Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD). TRWD's perspicacity to supply the regions rapidly growing population with an additional secure water source, and the desire of TPWD to enhance migratory and indigenous wildlife habitat, as well as providing outdoor recreational opportunities to the public, led to the joint venture. The constructed wetland operates on water from the Trinity River (TR), from which the wetland reduces water nutrient and metal concentrations and thereby improves water quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the first seven years of operation of the field-scale wetland's nutrient removal efficiency, primarily addressing the fate of phosphorus (P). For the field study, conducted during a period of moist-soil management (MSM), soil/sediment samples were collected from the sedimentation basin (SB), Cell 1, Cell 3, and a reference wetland (RW) with a similar soil series that is inundated only during overbank flooding from the TR. Soil samples were tested for Mehlich 3 P (M3P), water extractable P (WEP), total P (TP), a P sorption index (PSI), and pH. The field study results indicated that soil P is more concentrated in the SB and cell 1 of the wetland system than in cell 3 or the RW. M3P concentration was nearly double the threshold for no additional fertilizer recommendations for agriculture of 60 mg kg−1 in the SB and cell 1. WEP concentrations are highest in the SB and cell 1. TP concentrations are comparable to other treatment wetland systems that receive high quantities of P from the water column. The PSI identified the SB and cell 1, the areas with consistently higher soil P concentrations, as the areas with the least potential P fixing capacity remaining. Hydrologic data collected by TRWD from the summer of 2003 through the winter of 2010, was analyzed and provided some insight regarding nutrient loading that has occurred in the constructed wetland. The results indicated that the wetlands efficiency at removing nutrients from the water was linked to the nutrient accumulation in soils of the wetland. The wetland cells with the higher estimated TSS loading, also had a higher soil P concentrations. An ex situ and in situ tillage simulation was completed in order to determine a potential solution to prolong the effectiveness of the wetland system and avoid hydrologic burnout. The no-till, 10-cm, and 20-cm tillage groups, underwent a three phase water column study and then the soil was tested for M3P, TP, and a PSI. The water column study indicated the tillage treated soils released less P, were more efficient at removing P from a 2 mg P L−1 solution, and just as efficient at removing P from a 75 mg P L−1 solution as the no-till soil. The soil core experiment indicated tillage may provide plants during MSM more readily available P for enhanced growth, while also improving efficiency at removing P from the water column. The ex situ soil P data indicated that a deeper tillage depth has potential to distribute P more deeply in the soil column.
This classroom resource provides clear, concise scientific information in an understandable and enjoyable way about water and aquatic life. Spanning the hydrologic cycle from rain to watersheds, aquifers to springs, rivers to estuaries, ample illustrations promote understanding of important concepts and clarify major ideas. Aquatic science is covered comprehensively, with relevant principles of chemistry, physics, geology, geography, ecology, and biology included throughout the text. Emphasizing water sustainability and conservation, the book tells us what we can do personally to conserve for the future and presents job and volunteer opportunities in the hope that some students will pursue careers in aquatic science. Texas Aquatic Science, originally developed as part of a multi-faceted education project for middle and high school students, can also be used at the college level for non-science majors, in the home-school environment, and by anyone who educates kids about nature and water. To learn more about The Meadows Center for Water and the Environment, sponsors of this book's series, please click here.
Anthropologist and naturalist Loren Eiseley blends scientific knowledge and imaginative vision in this story of man.
Here is a refreshing look at how American cities are leading the way toward greener, cleaner, and more sustainable forms of economic development. In Emerald Cities, Joan Fitzgerald shows how in the absence of a comprehensive national policy, cities like Chicago, New York, Portland, San Francisco, and Seattle have taken the lead in addressing the interrelated environmental problems of global warming, pollution, energy dependence, and social justice. Cities are major sources of pollution but because of their population density, reliance on public transportation, and other factors, Fitzgerald argues that they are uniquely suited to promote and benefit from green economic development. For cities facing worsening budget constraints, investing in high-paying green jobs in renewable energy technology, construction, manufacturing, recycling, and other fields will solve two problems at once, sparking economic growth while at the same time dramatically improving quality of life. Fitzgerald also examines how investing in green research and technology may help to revitalize older industrial cities and offers examples of cities that don't make the top-ten green lists such as Toledo and Cleveland, Ohio and Syracuse, New York. And for cities wishing to emulate those already engaged in developing greener economic practices, Fitzgerald shows which strategies will be most effective according to each city's size, economic history, geography, and other unique circumstances. But cities cannot act alone, and Fitzgerald analyzes the role of state and national government policy in helping cities create the next wave of clean technology growth. Lucid, forward-looking, and guided by a level-headed optimism that clearly distinguishes between genuine progress and exaggerated claims, Emerald Cities points the way toward a sustainable future for the American city.