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The transition: conditions and legislation; Survey design: the demographic and physical setting; Processes of land reform; Crop production; Livestock production; Markets for inputs and products; Capitalization and assets; Finance and banking; Labour, housing and social services.
This book details and analyzes an extensive farm survey of Armenian land reform. Zvi Lerman and Astghik Mirzakhanian, two principal contributors to the design of the study, present their invaluable insight into the rapid land reform strategy implemented in Armenia. Unique among the former Soviet Republics, the entire agricultural sector of this country shifted from collective, large-scale, farm enterprises to individual production in 1992. The authors pay special attention to the commercialization of private farms and their access to supply and marketing channels outside the old state-controlled system. Family incomes from farming and off-farm sources are discussed, as well as problems of rural social services and social infrastructure. The authors demonstrate how official statistical measures and record keeping practices in Armenia do not adequately account for this dramatic transition.
Agricultural reforms, including privatization of land and farm restructuring, are an important cornerstone for overall transformation of the economies of the former socialist world. This paper summarizes the current status of land reform in Moldova and shows how there has been clear progress in creating a market-based agriculture and food sector in Moldova. The results of this study indicate that genuine restructuring and transition to full-fledged private farming have resulted in improved profitability and higher incomes for private farmers than those achieved by traditional collectives.
Rationale for the study and summary of findings; Ukraine: the country and its agriculture; Land reform legislation; The new private sector; Reorganization of farm enterprises; The effect of reorganization on farm employees; Market services and infrastructure; Rural social services and restructuring of the collective sector.
Annotation World Bank Discussion Paper No. 335. Presents the proceedings of a high-level international symposium on Chinese state-owned enterprise reform held in Beijing, China, June 1995. This report includes five policy option papers presented by Chinese officials and one presented by the World Bank Group that makes recommendations for reform on the basis of the Group's international experience in this area.
Editors David Macey, William Pyle, and Stephen Wegren, with a host of world-leading agrarian analyst and practitioners, unravel the shortcomings surrounding post-communist agrarian reform and answers how and why particular policies were adopted in Eurasia. Building Market Institutions in Post-Communist Agriculture draws on country-level case studies to analyze a range of initiatives that institutions have applied to agricultural economies. In this edited collection, contributors use a comparative analytical framework to project a universal process of agrarian transformation that continues to change the social, economic, and political characteristics of this part of the world.
Land reform is a key factor in determining the political, economic and social future of the transitional states of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. This book represents the first major study in this area. Utilizing extensive field work, unpublished materials, statistical data and interviews with land reform officials, the contributors explore the key issues.
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 283. Reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has been proceeding since the Chinese government announced sweeping reforms in November 1993, which included the stated goal of creating a socialist market economy by t
This report addresses the most important challenges facing the Latin America and Caribbean region as it attempts to replace its traditional economic and social structures, including populist institutions, with a modern, efficient, administrative state. The analysis focuses on the political economy of pending reforms and their ramifications. The report discusses (1) recent economic and political developments; (2) systemic issues such as high real interest and unemployment rates and declining export growth; (3) social policies and the need to consolidate macroeconomic stability; and (4) how to define and build the new Latin American state. An appendix provides detailed information on selected country performance.