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In the early twenty-first century, white-owned farms in Zimbabwe were subject to large-scale occupations by black urban dwellers in an increasingly violent struggle between national electoral politics, land reform, and contestations over democracy. Were the black occupiers being freed from racist bondage as cheap laborers by the state-supported massive land redistribution, or were they victims of state violence who had been denied access to their homes, social services, and jobs? Blair Rutherford examines the unequal social and power relations shaping the lives, livelihoods, and struggles of some of the farm workers during this momentous period in Zimbabwean history. His analysis is anchored in the time he spent on a horticultural farm just east of Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe, that was embroiled in the tumult of political violence associated with jambanja, the democratization movement. Rutherford complicates this analysis by showing that there was far more in play than political oppression by a corrupt and authoritarian regime and a movement to rectify racial and colonial land imbalances, as dominant narratives would have it. Instead, he reveals, farm worker livelihoods, access to land, gendered violence, and conflicting promises of rights and sovereignty played a more important role in the political economy of citizenship and labor than had been imagined.
The dramatic changes in Zimbabwe's economic, political and social landscapes since the 2000 elections - referred to as the 'Zimbabwe crisis' - have raised complex critical questions at national, regional and international levels. This work addresses these points, by focusing on the shifting discourses about, and relationsips between land, state and citizenship. It argues that these changing definitions and dynamics, and their implications, can best be understood in terms of a number of overlapping, complete and incomplete projects of transformations; or as 'unfinished business'
Explores the outer margins of postcolonial culture, state and economy. This fieldwork-rich study focuses on the flue-cured tobacco farms that produce Zimbabwe's number one export. Building on Foucault's concept of "government", the book addresses power, struggle, and accumulation on farms.
If Something is Wrong is the first in-depth report on the violations committed against farm workers during Zimbabwe's 'land-reform' programme. The report examines the preliminary results of a study conducted by field officers of the General Agriculture and Plantation Workers, Union of Zimbabwe (GAPWUZ). This publication presents statistical evidence alongside first-person testimony to provide a chilling account of the physical and psychological violence perpetrated against Zimbabwe's farm workers. It is not widely known that this huge population of some 1.8 million people has been the greatest victim of Zimbabwe's 'land-reform' programme. It is hoped that this report, and others that will follow it, will help to give voice to this large and vulnerable constituency, and to ensure that the experiences of Zimbabwe's farm-workers will not be forgotten.
This book offers the first detailed scholarly examination of the nation-wide land occupations which spread across the Zimbabwean countryside from the year 2000, and led to the state’s fast track land reform programme. In an innovative way, it highlights the decentralized character of the occupations by recognizing significant spatial variation around a number of key themes, including historical memory, modes of mobilization and gender. A case study of the land occupations in Mashonaland Central Province, based on original research, adds empirical weight to the argument. In further identifying and understanding the specificities and complexities of the land occupations, the book also frames them by way of a nuanced comparative-historical analysis of the three zvimurenga. It thus examines the land occupations (referred to, likely controversially, as the ‘third chimurenga’) with reference to the original anti-colonial revolt from the 1890s (the first chimurenga) and the war of liberation in the 1970s (the second chimurenga). Further, the book engages critically with the ruling party’s chimurenga narrative and the hegemonic understanding of the land occupations within Zimbabwean studies. This book is a crucial read for all scholars and students of post-2000 land and politics in Zimbabwe, but also for those more broadly interested in historical-comparative analyses of land struggles in Zimbabwe and beyond.
This book documents the history, successes, and failures of Save the Children's farmworker program in Zimbabwe, 1981-98. The report explores workers' past and present living and working conditions on commercial farms and describes how the program promoted a progression from workers with a migrant mentality to the building of functional communities, increasingly able to articulate and address their own problems. Information was gathered from key informants on commercial farms, government officials, development officers, and 426 farmworkers. Chapters cover: (1) an introduction to Save the Children Fund and the farmworker program; (2) the situation of rural people before 1980; (3) conditions for farmworker women and children as farmworkers missed out on national improvements in rural education and services; (4) the first pilot farmworker project, 1981-83; (5) expansion in the 1980s; (6) program impacts in the 1980s on the health of women and children, access to water and sanitation, provision of preschools on farms, housing, nutrition, adult literacy, socioeconomic status, and women's activities; (7) major concerns and lessons learned; (8) a period of uncertainty; (9) organizational issues and changes, program impacts, government partnerships, and community leadership training in the early 1990s; (10) program achievements; and (11) a portrait of the farm village. Appendices present data tables reflecting program progress and list participating farms and program staff. (Contains photographs, a list of acronyms, a glossary, and 80 references.) (SV)