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There has been a profound change within the sphere of government and societal regulation in recent years. Traditional hierarchical government has been challenged by new governance instruments relying on negotiations instead of command and control. Alongside this development there has been a change in the time-framing of politics and steering. Traditional politics implicitly has been based on stability and permanence while new forms of governance explicitly are based on just-in-time actions such as projects and issue-based collaborations in networks and programs. This book analyses the implications of this shortening of time frames, focusing particularly on spatial policy interventions. Spatial policies have a special relevance when it comes to governance and new forms of societal steering. On the one hand, the local (geographical) level in politics is the principal battleground for the struggle between top down and bottom up approaches and aspirations. On the other hand, many of the most burning issues of our time require a global, strategic approach, for example, climate change, resource depletion, population growth are anchored in space and the physical world. Whether and how short-term spatial approaches can achieve sustainable development outcomes is thus a critical question, and forms the focus of this volume. The book examines the characteristics of temporary policy measures across a range of rural, urban and regional contexts, in four continents: Europe, North America, Oceania and Africa. The outcomes and effects of these policies and interventions are analysed, particularly focusing on the tension between short-term interventions and long-term effects.
Second homes have become an increasingly important component of both tourism and housing studies. They can directly and indirectly contribute a significant number of domestic and international visitors to destinations and may be part of longer-term retirement, lifestyle and amenity migration that can have significant economic and social effects on communities and destination development. This volume offers an overview of different disciplinary and methodological approaches to second homes while simultaneously providing a broad geographical reach. Divided into four parts exploring governance, development, community and mobile second homes, the book provides a contemporary account of the major issues in an area of growing international interest. This timely handbook covers a wide range of dimensions – from planning to the role of second homes in development and the management of their impact. The international and cross-disciplinary nature of the contributions will be of interest to numerous academic fields in the social sciences, as well as urban and regional planners.
The dugong (Dugong dugon) is the only herbivorous mammal that is strictly marine. It has a range spanning some 37 countries, including tropical and subtropical coastal and island waters. This plan presents a global overview of the status of the dugong and its management throughout its range. It contains information on dugong distribution and abundance, threatening processes, legislation, and existing and suggested research and management initiatives for the countries and territories in the dugong’s known range. It is hoped that the comparative information provided will enable individual countries to develop their own, more detailed, conservation plans.
Dans un passé assez récent, un intérêt sans précédent s'est développé concernant les ressources globales. Nous nous rendons maintenant compte que les ressources biologiques sont loin d'être illimitées et pendant les dernières décennies du 20ème siècle, des efforts ont débuté pour contrôler nos usages de l'environnement et qui agissent les uns avec les autres dans les écosystèmes dont nous dépendons finalement. Le projet "Mers au millénaire": Une Evatuation Environmentale sur la zone côtière couvre le secteur où vit plus d'un quart de l'humanité, et jusque au bas du plateau continental. Ces trois livres se concentrent sur la biosphère où les interactions de l'homme avec les mers et leurs systèmes biologiques et physiques sont le plus sensibles. 135 chapitres écrits par les experts internationaux et les scientifiques travaillant dans ce domaine offrent un sommaire unique des mers et des océans du monde. À la fin du millénaire les auteurs à travers le monde ont examiné l'état de nos habitats marins et côtiers. Pour la première fois, ils ont uni leurs efforts de par le monde pour s'assurer que ces habitats restent dans un état de fonctionnement durable et stable; l'information a été documentée et assemblée dans une source bibliographique unique. "Mers au millénaire" fournit aux scientifiques dans le monde entier une occasion unique pour s'enrichir de toutes ces expériences. Les trois volumes de "Mers au millénaire" couvrent des chapîtres d'importance globale et régionale comme : description biologique des eaux côtières et du plateau continental; développement et utilisation de la zone côtière; effets des dragages et autres techniques d'accrétion sédimentaire; effet dans le temps des déversement de polluants;de pêche; méthodes et techniques de gestion utilisées pour gérer en continu les écosystèmes. Plus de 800 figures comprenant des cartes, les graphiques, les dessins au trait et les photograph.