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Founded on the paradox that all things are poisons and the difference between poison and remedy is quantity, the determination of safe dosage forms the base and focus of modern toxicology. In order to make a sound determination there must be a working knowledge of the biologic mechanisms involved and of the methods employed to define these mechanisms. While the vastness of the field and the rapid accumulation of data may preclude the possibility of absorbing and retaining more than a fraction of the available information, a solid understanding of the underlying principles is essential. Extensively revised and updated with four new chapters and an expanded glossary, this fifth edition of the classic text, Principles and Methods of Toxicology provides comprehensive coverage in a manageable and accessible format. New topics include 'toxicopanomics', plant and animal poisons, information resources, and non-animal testing alternatives. Emphasizing the cornerstones of toxicology-people differ, dose matters, and things change, the book begins with a review of the history of toxicology and followed by an explanation of basic toxicological principles, agents that cause toxicity, target organ toxicity, and toxicological testing methods including many of the test protocols required to meet regulatory needs worldwide. The book examines each method or procedure from the standpoint of technique and interpretation of data and discusses problems and pitfalls that may be associated with each. The addition of several new authors allow for a broader and more diverse treatment of the ever-changing and expanding field of toxicology. Maintaining the high-quality information and organizational framework that made the previous editions so successful, Principles and Methods of Toxicology, Fifth Edition continues to be a valuable resource for the advanced practitioner as well as the new disciple of toxicology.
This publication capitalizes on the experience of scientists from the North Africa and Near East countries, in collaboration with experts from around the world, specialized in the different aspects of greenhouse crop production. It provides a comprehensive description and assessment of the greenhouse production practices in use in Mediterranean climate areas that have helped diversify vegetable production and increase productivity. The publication is also meant to be used as a reference and tool for trainers and growers as well as other actors in the greenhouse vegetables value chain in this region.
The monographs in this volume summarize the safety data on 11 pesticides that could leave residues in food commodities. These pesticides are aminopyralid, atrazine, azinphos methyl, lamba-cyhalothrin, difenoconazole, dimethomorph, flusilazole, procymidone, profenofos, pyrimethanil and zoxamide. The data summarized in the toxicological monographs served as the basis for the acceptable daily intakes and acute reference doses that were established by the Meeting. This volume and previous volumes of JMPR toxicological evaluations, many of which were published in the FAO Plant Production and Protection Paperseries, contain information that is useful to companies that produce pesticides, government regulatory officers, industrial testing laboratories, toxicological laboratories and universities.
A Joint Meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the World Health Organization (WHO) Core Assessment Group on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) was held in Rome, FAO headquarters, from 13 to 22 September 2022 with FAO pre-meeting from 8 to 12 September 2022. The FAO Panel Members held its pre-meetings in biweekly virtual preparatory sessions from July to September. The WHO Core Assessment Group had organized several preparatory sessions during 2021 and 2022. The Meeting involved 45 participants from five continents spanning most time zones. The Meeting evaluated 47 pesticides and estimated 500 maximum residue limits (MRLs).
The annual Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and WHO Core Assessment Group on Pesticide Residues was held in Geneva, Switzerland from 20 to 29 September 2005. The Panel reviewed pesticide use patterns (good agricultural practice), data on the chemistry and composition of the pesticides and methods of analysis for pesticide residues. The WHO Core Assessment Group reviewed toxicological and related data, and estimated acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) for humans. This report contains information on ADIs, maximum residue levels and general principles for the evaluation of pesticides.
The 2019 Extra Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) was held in Gatineau/Ottawa, Canada from 7 to 17 May 2019. The meeting was opened by Mr Brent Wilson, Deputy Director of Technical Trade Policy, Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food of Canada. The Meeting evaluated 19 pesticides for toxicity or residues, or both. The Meeting estimated maximum residue levels and recommended them for use by CCPR, and estimated supervised trials median residue (STMR) and highest residue (HR) levels as a basis for estimating dietary exposures.
A Joint Meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Panel of experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the World Health Organization (WHO) Core assessment Group on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) was held in Washington, United States of America, from 19 to 28 September 2023 with FAO pre-meeting from 13 to 18 September 2023. The FAO Panel Members held its pre-meetings in biweekly virtual preparatory sessions from July to September. The WHO Core Assessment Group had organized several preparatory sessions during 2022 and 2023. The Meeting involved 58 participants from five continents spanning most time zones. The Meeting evaluated 35 pesticides and estimated 300 MRLs.
Soil Solarization describes the principles and technology of soil solarization and the use of soil solarization for different crops and cropping systems. The book evaluates and interprets the extensive amount of literature available on soil solarization in relation to climatic effects and changes in populations of soil-borne microorganisms and weeds. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of soil solarization with other methods of soil disinfestation, such as soil steaming and fumigation. Soil Solarization explores the effects of soil solarization, covering such points as biological control, changes in soil chemistry involving mineral elements, as well as other changes, such as soil salinity and soil structure. It is suitable for solarizers, researchers working with soil-borne pathogens and soil microbiology, plant protection experts, and other plant researchers and extension specialists.