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This document is the third volume of the Toolkit on family planning and comprehensive abortion care for the primary health care workforce. The toolkit aims to enhance the capacities of the primary health care (PHC) workforce in terms of their competencies to provide family planning (FP) and comprehensive abortion care (CAC) services and thus to enhance the quality of care provided to women and girls. This volume is meant to be used by all stakeholders involved in developing, implementing and assessing competencies in the provision of FP and CAC services. These stakeholders can include health service practitioners, managers and regulators; educators and health- and education-related policy-makers; and multilateral agencies and civil society organizations supporting health- and education-related initiatives.
The aim of the family planning and comprehensive abortion care (FP and CAC) competencies for the primary health care workforce is to advance improvements in FP and CAC service delivery by aligning health worker education approaches with population health needs and health system demands. This document, which describes these competencies in detail, is intended to: describe competencies that are relevant to current and future health practice; and enable widespread use of the competencies for curriculum development, for pre-service education, but also for in-service education, regulation, qualifications, quality assurance, personal development, performance evaluation, recruitment, management and career progression. The competencies can be used in many ways by the following target audiences: health workers and their managers, educators, policy makers and regulators. The most relevant uses for these FP and CAC competencies will be: to define the learning outcomes/objectives for education and training, to design curriculum and learning activities and to help identify learning needs/gaps (both knowledge and hands-on techniques), whether in the context of pre-service curricula, on-the-job training, or when working towards further qualifications; as performance standards for recruitment, compiling job descriptions, performance appraisal, and for optimizing roles within the health workforce.
The Programme and curriculum development guidance presents a systematic approach to developing programmes and curricula for implementation of the family planning (FP) and comprehensive abortion care (CAC) competencies, and the theory behind the approach. Specifically, the aim is for effective implementation of these competencies in the context of pre-service education and training, post-graduate studies and continuing professional development (CPD). This guidance is designed for programme and curriculum developers who are preparing or revising formal education and training programmes and curricula for the FP and CAC workforce. This guide proposes a new FP and CAC Educational Design Model for programme and curriculum development (PCD). This model can support competency-based education (CBE) for current and future FP and CAC services, with a pre-service training pathway of at least 12 months, and can also support in-service training. With this guide, various instruments have been developed to operationalize each step of the programme and curriculum development.
In 2015, building on the advances of the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals that include an explicit commitment to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. However, enormous gaps remain between what is achievable in human health and where global health stands today, and progress has been both incomplete and unevenly distributed. In order to meet this goal, a deliberate and comprehensive effort is needed to improve the quality of health care services globally. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide focuses on one particular shortfall in health care affecting global populations: defects in the quality of care. This study reviews the available evidence on the quality of care worldwide and makes recommendations to improve health care quality globally while expanding access to preventive and therapeutic services, with a focus in low-resource areas. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm emphasizes the organization and delivery of safe and effective care at the patient/provider interface. This study explores issues of access to services and commodities, effectiveness, safety, efficiency, and equity. Focusing on front line service delivery that can directly impact health outcomes for individuals and populations, this book will be an essential guide for key stakeholders, governments, donors, health systems, and others involved in health care.
In 2009, a bipartisan Knight Commission found that while the broadband age is enabling an info. and commun. renaissance, local communities in particular are being unevenly served with critical info. about local issues. Soon after the Knight Commission delivered its findings, the FCC initiated a working group to identify crosscurrent and trend, and make recommendations on how the info. needs of communities can be met in a broadband world. This report by the FCC Working Group on the Info. Needs of Communities addresses the rapidly changing media landscape in a broadband age. Contents: Media Landscape; The Policy and Regulatory Landscape; Recommendations. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Medical acronyms and abbreviations offer convenience, but those countless shortcuts can often be confusing. Now a part of the popular Dorland's suite of products, this reference features thousands of terms from across various medical specialties. Its alphabetical arrangement makes for quick reference, and expanded coverage of symbols ensures they are easier to find. Effective communication plays an important role in all medical settings, so turn to this trusted volume for nearly any medical abbreviation you might encounter. - Symbols section makes it easier to locate unusual or seldom-used symbols. - Convenient alphabetical format allows you to find the entry you need more intuitively. - More than 90,000 entries and definitions. - Many new and updated entries including terminology in expanding specialties, such as Nursing; Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapies; Transcription and Coding; Computer and Technical Fields. - New section on abbreviations to avoid, including Joint Commission abbreviations that are not to be used. - Incorporates updates suggested by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP).
This volume addresses fundamental issues in the philosophy of science in the context of two most intriguing fields: biology and economics. Written by authorities and experts in the philosophy of biology and economics, Mechanism and Causality in Biology and Economics provides a structured study of the concepts of mechanism and causality in these disciplines and draws careful juxtapositions between philosophical apparatus and scientific practice. By exploring the issues that are most salient to the contemporary philosophies of biology and economics and by presenting comparative analyses, the book serves as a platform not only for gaining mutual understanding between scientists and philosophers of the life sciences and those of the social sciences, but also for sharing interdisciplinary research that combines both philosophical concepts in both fields. The book begins by defining the concepts of mechanism and causality in biology and economics, respectively. The second and third parts investigate philosophical perspectives of various causal and mechanistic issues in scientific practice in the two fields. These two sections include chapters on causal issues in the theory of evolution; experiments and scientific discovery; representation of causal relations and mechanism by models in economics. The concluding section presents interdisciplinary studies of various topics concerning extrapolation of life sciences and social sciences, including chapters on the philosophical investigation of conjoining biological and economic analyses with, respectively, demography, medicine and sociology.
"A compilation of many ... shorter writings ... of his twin loves, libertarian political philosophy and Austrian economics."--Page 4 of cover.
This book offers a fresh look on a variety of issues concerning herbal medicine - the methods of growing and harvesting various medicinal plants; their phytochemical content; medicinal usage; regulatory issues; and mechanism of action against myriad of human and animal ailments. ‘Medicinal Plants: From Farm to Pharmacy’ comprises chapters authored by renowned experts from academics and industry from all over the world. It provides timely, in-depth study/analysis of medicinal plants that are already available in the market as supplements or drug components, while also introducing several traditional herbs with potential medicinal applications from various regions of the world. The book caters to the needs of a diverse group of readers: plant growers, who are looking for ways to enhance the value of their crops by increasing phytochemical content of plant products; biomedical scientists who are studying newer applications for crude herbal extracts or isolated phytochemicals; clinicians and pharmacologists who are studying interactions of herbal compounds with conventional treatment modalities; entrepreneurs who are navigating ways to bring novel herbal supplements to the market; and finally, natural medicine enthusiasts and end-users who want to learn how herbal compounds are produced in nature, how do they work and how are they used in traditional or modern medicine for various disease indications.