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In this book, the author builds on decades of complex research to examine the gender pay gap and the unequal distribution of labor between couples in the home. The author argues that although public and private discourse has brought these concerns to light, the actions taken - such as a single company slapped on the wrist or a few progressive leaders going on paternity leave - are the economic equivalent of tossing a band-aid to someone with cancer. These solutions, the author writes, treat the symptoms and not the disease of gender inequality in the workplace and economy. Here, the author points to data that reveals how the pay gap widens further down the line in women's careers, about 10 to 15 years out, as opposed to those beginning careers after college. She examines five distinct groups of women over the course of the twentieth century: cohorts of women who differ in terms of career, job, marriage, and children, in approximated years of graduation - 1900s, 1920s, 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s - based on various demographic, labor force, and occupational outcomes. The book argues that our entire economy is trapped in an old way of doing business; work structures have not adapted as more women enter the workforce. Gender equality in pay and equity in home and childcare labor are flip sides of the same issue, and the author frames both in the context of a serious empirical exploration that has not yet been put in a long-run historical context. This book offers a deep look into census data, rich information about individual college graduates over their lifetimes, and various records and sources of material to offer a new model to restructure the home and school systems that contribute to the gender pay gap and the quest for both family and career. --
With over thirty thousand occupations currently in existence, workers today face a bewildering array of careers from which to choose, and upon which to center their lives. But there is more at stake than just a paycheck. For too long, work has driven a wedge between families, dividing husband from wife, father from son, mother from daughter, and family from home. Building something that will last requires a radically different approach than is common or encouraged today. In Durable Trades, Groves uncovers family-centered professions that have endured the worst upheavals in history--including the Industrial Revolution--and continue to thrive today. Through careful research and thoughtful commentary, Groves offers another way forward to those looking for a more durable future. Winner, 2020 Silver Nautilus Award Finalist, 2020 Midwest Book Award
Can a woman and a man, both of whom are career-oriented, successfully achieve a loving and enduring relationship with children and also advance in their careers? Why is it that women more often than men push for dual-career marriages? What personal and societal difficulties and obstacles do they face? What special difficulties do men experience as a result of this phenomenon? Taking us to the frontier of close relationships, where traditional gender roles are being reevaluated in light of what is both functional and optimal for persons in dual-career partnerships, Two Careers / One Family describes the current world of women and men trying to negotiate new realities at home aid at work. It also offers a glimpse of the future and the potential that exists for creative restructuring of our concepts of gender.
It is 1970. Strober has just been told by the chairman of Berkeley's economics department that she can never get tenure. Driving home afterward she realizes the truth: she is being denied a regular faculty position because she is a mother. Angry, she also finds her life's work: to study and fight sexism, in the workplace, in academia, and at home. Strober's memoir captures the spirit of a revolution lived fully, from her Brooklyn childhood to her Stanford seminar on women and work. Strober's interest in women and work began when she saw her mother's frustration at the limitations of her position as a secretary. Her consciousness of the unfairness of the usual distribution of household chores came when she unsuccessfully asked her husband for help with housework. Later, when a group of conservative white male professors sputtered at the idea of government-subsidized child care, Strober made the case for its economic benefits. In the 1970s, the term "sexual harassment" had not yet been coined. Occupational segregation, quantifying the value of work in the home, and the cost of discrimination were new ideas.
Joan Aldous does not just give us an update of her influential 1978 version of Family Careers but provides us with a rethinking of the whole approach. As a result we have available to us a new version of the family development approach for students and researchers. Students will particularly delight in Professor Aldous′s clear exposition of ideas and research. --James M. White, Ph.D. University of British Columbia "This book lays out an agenda that may appear simple--but in reality is very complex--and then proceeds to do an extraordinarily good job of adhering to it. . . . Joan Aldous′s personal examples and interview excerpts drawn from other sources are very good, adding some substance to the discussion that surrounds them. These are bound to be helpful for students." --Duane W. Crawford, Texas Tech University A unique contribution to its field, Family Careers is the first volume to examine the expectable changes in today′s families from the time the family is formed until it is dissolved. No other book covers the broad variety of families in contemporary society using a consistent theoretical approach. Joan Aldous presents the developmental approach to studying contemporary families in a clear and understandable fashion. First she presents the concepts that distinguish family development, then she compares those with other theoretical perspectives. Drawing from a diverse array of families, she gives the reader a comprehensive picture of the shifts in patterns of family interaction over time as they are influenced by their social contexts of work and school. Throughout the book there are quotations, comments, and excerpts from letters to illustrate the family lives of individuals as they actually live them. This thought-provoking volume is sure to stimulate discussion, and is highly recommended for graduate and undergraduate students in family development, advanced family theory classes, and advanced family and marriage classes.
The relationship between work and family is an issue of growing concern in the United States. The increasing participation of women in the labor force has created new demands for services, especially for low-income families, to offset women's dual responsibilities at work and home. This paper describes a Ford Foundation program to study the place of the workplace in American family life, with the following aims: (1) to broaden the knowledge base on men's and women's roles and their relation to work; (2) to provide models of employer benefit policies and work arrangements; (3) to monitor federal and state policies requiring family benefits; and (4) to promote discussion and exchange on work and family issues. The paper provides an overview of shifts in employment patterns and examines the changing roles of men and women in the workplace. The following family-responsive programs are described: (1) medical leave, including pregnancy disability; (2) family leave, including parental leave; (3) child care; (4) elder care; (5) alternative work schedules; and (6) flexible benefit programs. The paper concludes with a detailed discussion of the four-pronged approach of the Ford Foundation program. A list of 18 references is included. An appendix lists Ford Foundation grants to study work and family issues for 1987-88. (AF)
Following the formation of a regular army in 1784, a popular distruct of military power and the generally unsettled nature of national administration kept the army in a continual state of fluctuation, both in terms of organisation and size. Few officers were making a long-term commitment to military service. But by 1860, a professional army career was becoming a way of life. In that year, 41.5 percent of officers had served 30 years, compared to only 2.6 percent in 1797.