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Failures or forced shutdowns in power plants are often due to boilers, and particularly failure of boiler tubes. This comprehensive resource deals with the subject of failure investigation of boiler tubes from basic fundamentals to practical applications. Coverage includes properties and selection of materials for boiler tubes from a metallurgical view point, damage mechanisms responsible for failure of boiler tubes, and characterization techniques employed for investigating failures of boiler tubes in thermal power plants and utility boilers of industrial/commercial/institutional (ICI) boilers. A large number of case studies based on the actual failures from the field are described, along with photographs and microstructures to allow for easy comprehension of the theory behind the failures. This book is geared to practicing engineers and for studies in the major area of power plant engineering. For non-metallurgists, a chapter has been devoted to the basics of material science, metallurgy of steels, heat treatment, and structure-property correlation. A chapter on materials for boiler tubes covers composition and application of different grades of steels and high temperature alloys currently in use as boiler tubes and future materials to be used in supercritical, ultra-supercritical and advanced ultra-supercritical thermal power plants. A comprehensive discussion on different mechanisms of boiler tube failure is the heart of the book. Additional chapters detailing the role of advanced material characterization techniques in failure investigation and the role of water chemistry in tube failures are key contributions to the book. The authors have long-standing experience in the field of metallurgy and materials technology, failure investigation, remaining life assessment (RLA) and fitness for service (FFS) for industrial plant and equipment, including power plants. They have conducted a large number of failure investigations of boiler tubes and have recommended effective remedial measures in problem solving for power and utility boilers.
Corrosion Atlas Case Studies: 2023 Edition gives engineers expedient daily corrosion solutions for common industrial equipment no matter the industry. Providing a purely operational level view, this reference is designed as concise case studies categorized by material and includes content surrounding the phenomenon, equipment appearance supported by a color image, time of service, conditions, cause and suggested remedies. Additional reference listings for deeper understanding beyond the practical elements are also included. Rounding out with an introductory foundational layer of corrosion principles critical to all engineers, this book delivers the daily tool required for engineers today to solve their equipment's corrosion problems. Corrosion engineers today spend enormous amounts of time and money searching multiple detailed sources and variable industry-specific standards to locate known remedies to corrosion equipment problems. Corrosion Atlas Series is the first centralized collection of case studies containing challenges paired directly with solutions together in one location. The third release of content in the series, - Solves equipment failure with easy-to-find remedies organized by essential elements such as materials, system, part, cause, environmental, and phenomenon - Grasps fundamental corrosion elements on all major industrial pieces of equipment - Identifies failures by appearance with color figures within each case study - Provides correlation between avoiding corrosion and net zero
The rate of growth of stainless steel has outpaced that of other metals and alloys, and by 2010 may surpass aluminum as the second most widely used metal after carbon steel. The 2007 world production of stainless steel was approximately 30,000,000 tons and has nearly doubled in the last ten years. This growth is occurring at the same time that the production of stainless steel continues to become more consolidated. One result of this is a more widespread need to understand stainless steel with fewer resources to provide that information. The concurrent technical evolution in stainless steel and increasing volatility of raw material prices has made it more important for the engineers and designers who use stainless steel to make sound technical judgments about which stainless steels to use and how to use them.
This book illustrates and explains virtually all common failure modes which adversely affect boiler reliability. Each failure mode is well illustrated with case histories. The corrective steps necessary to reduce or eliminate each failure type, as well as precautionary notes, are provided. The book is a comprehensive, authoritative field guide for the identification and elimination of boilure failures. Boilers of virtually all pressures and many construction designs are presented.
The chemical industry is essential in the daily humn life of modern society; despite the misconception about the real need for chemical production, everyone enjoys the benefit of the chemical progress. However, the chemical industry generates a large variety of products, including (i) basic chemicals, e.g., polymers, petrochemicals, and basic inorganics; (ii) specialty chemicals for crop protection, paints, inks, colorants, textiles, paper, and engineering; and (iii) consumer chemicals, including detergents, soaps, etc. For these reasons, chemists in both acdemia and industry are challenged with developing green and sustainable chemical production towrad the full-recycling of feedstocks and waste. Aiming to improve the intensification of the process, chemists have established chemical reactions based on catalysis, as well as alternative technologies, such as continuous flow. The aim of this book is to cover promising recent research and novel trends in the field of novel catalytic reactions (homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymatic, as well as their combinations) in continuous flow conditions. A collection of recent contribution for conversion of starting material originated from petroleum resources or biomass into highly-added value chemicals are reported.
Contains papers from an August 1999 conference, arranged in sections on service experience in fossil fuel plants and in operating nuclear plants, development and user experience of new methodologies of structural integrity assessment, and equipment assessments. Specific areas covered include failure
Boiler professionals require a strong command of both the theoretical and practical facets of water tube-boiler technology. From state-of-the-art boiler construction to mechanics of firing techniques, Boilers for Power and Process augments seasoned engineers' already-solid grasp of boiler fundamentals. A practical explanation of theory, it d