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The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been working in partnership with the Government of India, state governments, and executing agencies to facilitate infrastructure development towards meeting the nation's economic and human development goals. It has supported almost 160 projects across eight infrastructure sectors in over 20 states of the country. During the course of project implementation, ADB has encountered a number of challenges which have been addressed and resolved over time through consensus-based interventions and practices. This publication presents a compendium of such interventions and best practices conceived through joint portfolio reviews and consultations between ADB, the Government of India, and executing agencies. It is a valuable source of information and guidance for functionaries in infrastructure development and service provision.
The availability of adequate, efficient, and affordable infrastructural facilities - both economic and social - constitutes the core of development strategy and efforts. In the absence of infrastructure services, enterprises are forced to seek higher-cost alternatives which impact profits and production levels adversely. In India, the demand for infrastructural services has increased rapidly since industrial liberalization of the economy. Unfortunately, infrastructural bottlenecks remain the biggest stumbling block of industrial progress in the country. By their very nature, infrastructure projects involve huge initial investments, long gestation periods, and high risk. This book examines the problems and inadequacies of various sectors of economic and social infrastructure in India. Changes in infrastructure policy and new institutional arrangements for infrastructure development are also discussed.
Produced by the National Council of Applied Economic Research in New Delhi. Provides an overview of the need for improvement of the infrastructure in India and makes recommendations for achieving this goal. Discusses the question of commercialization, investments required (1996-2006), the role of the capital market, necessary regulatory frameworks, and fiscal issues. Examines the urban infrastructure as well as other elements such as power, telecommunications, roads, industrial parks and ports. Includes a table of abbreviations and acronyms used in the report.
Availability of adequate, efficient and affordable infrastructural facilities -- power, transport, communications, irrigation and others -- constitutes the core of development strategy and efforts. Unfortunately, infrastructural bottlenecks remain the biggest stumbling block of industrial progress in India. By their very nature, infrastructure projects involve huge initial investments, long gestation periods and high risk. Various initiatives have been taken for the development of infrastructure in India after the initiation of economic reforms in the early 1990s. India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited (IIFCL) was incorporated on January 5, 2006 to lend funds, of longer term maturity, directly to the eligible projects to supplement other loans from banks and financial institutions. Broad guidelines were issued on September 23, 2011 for setting up Infrastructure Debt Funds (IDFs) to facilitate flow of funds into infrastructure projects. Electricity Act, 2003 recognises trading of power as a distinct activity and permits State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) to allow open access in distribution of electricity in phases that would ultimately encourage efficiency and competition. Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) was launched by the Prime Minister on April 4, 2005. This scheme is for rural electricity infrastructure and household electrification. The National Highways Development Project (NHDP)the largest highway project ever undertaken by the countryis being implemented by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). National Telecom Policy, 2011 seeks to maximize public good by making available affordable, reliable and secure telecommunication and broadband services across the entire country. Special Economic Zones Act, 2005 seeks to promote value addition component in exports, generate employment and mobilise foreign exchange. Planning Commission, Government of India, in its Approach Paper released in October 2011 has projected an investment in infrastructure of over ` 45 lakh crore (about US$ 1 trillion) during the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17). It is projected that at least 50 percent of this investment will come from the private sector as against the 36 percent anticipated in the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12). This book provides an exhaustive and analytical account of various facets of infrastructure development in India. It contains 32 chapters which are categorised under the following 8 theme parts: Part I: Infrastructure and Economic Development. Part II: Energy Needs, Sources and Management. Part III: Transport Services. Part IV: Telecommunications, Information Technology (IT), Postal Services, and Broadcasting. Part V: Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Part VI: Water Resources and Irrigation. Part VII: Rural Infrastructure and Services. Part VIII: Urban Infrastructure and Services. Besides, there are 9 Appendices which contain varied information on infrastructure in India.
Governments the world over want to spend more on infrastructure (the benchmark for developing countries is 7-8% of GDP per annum) to lay the foundation for sustained and inclusive growth. India is no exception. It realizes that more needs to be spent on infrastructure for the country to regain its position as the fastest growing large economy in the world. While India spent about 7.2% of its GDP on infrastructure during the Eleventh Plan period (2008-12), this number has recently come down to approximately 5%. The backdrop of the book is the ambitious National Infrastructure Plan (NIP); the Task Force report on the NIP was finalized in April 2020. Since infrastructure investment is crucial to faster and inclusive growth, it is timely that the NIP is actioned now, given that the Indian economy contracted to 7.3% in the financial year 2020-21. This book discusses various aspects of infrastructure financing in detail, with a major section devoted to green financing of infrastructure.
World Development Report 1994 examines the link between infrastructure and development and explores ways in which developing countries can improve both the provision and the quality of infrastructure services. In recent decades, developing countries have made substantial investments in infrastructure, achieving dramatic gains for households and producers by expanding their access to services such as safe water, sanitation, electric power, telecommunications, and transport. Even more infrastructure investment and expansion are needed in order to extend the reach of services - especially to people living in rural areas and to the poor. But as this report shows, the quantity of investment cannot be the exclusive focus of policy. Improving the quality of infrastructure service also is vital. Both quantity and quality improvements are essential to modernize and diversify production, help countries compete internationally, and accommodate rapid urbanization. The report identifies the basic cause of poor past performance as inadequate institutional incentives for improving the provision of infrastructure. To promote more efficient and responsive service delivery, incentives need to be changed through commercial management, competition, and user involvement. Several trends are helping to improve the performance of infrastructure. First, innovation in technology and in the regulatory management of markets makes more diversity possible in the supply of services. Second, an evaluation of the role of government is leading to a shift from direct government provision of services to increasing private sector provision and recent experience in many countries with public-private partnerships is highlighting new ways to increase efficiency and expand services. Third, increased concern about social and environmental sustainability has heightened public interest in infrastructure design and performance.
CONTENTS: Infrastructure Growth in the Developing Countries - Role, Issues and Challenges; Various Models in Infrastructure Financing; Public-Private Partnerships: The Best method to Finance Urban Infrastructure; Investment in Infrastructure: Key to Economic Change; Social Cost Benefit Analysis in Indian Roads- Development with Responsibility; Infrastructure Policy Framework in India: Present Status and Suggestive Models; A Model for Risk-based Pricing of Infrastructure Financing by Banks; An Alternative Model for Infrastructure Funding - Transferring Loan Assets from Banks by Pooling Securities that can be sold to Investors; FDI in Infrastructure: How to Attract?; Is PPP Really Needed for the Infrastructure Sector?; TEARR -A Framework for Providing Quality Infrastructure and Services; Transformation in the Road Transport System of Bogota: An Overview; Urban Multimodal Transport: Experiences in Developing Countries; Key Factors in Financing Urban Transport Modernisation: Some Lessons from Central Europe; Private Participation in Infrastructure in China; Solar Energy Development in India; Low- Cost Carriers: Their Growth, and the Success of their Business Model; Airport Privatization and Financing - Country Experiences and Lessons for India; India's Energy Woes and the Nuclear Option.
This book addresses the key challenges of balancing economic growth, poverty alleviation, and environmental protection in the development of major physical infrastructure, ranging from transport to energy.
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