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Exploration of natural resources is becoming more and more expensive. This means that more scientific approaches are needed using the best techniques available. However, no single technique can cover any of the objectives. Regional approaches, necessary to outline a prospective area, lack the detail required for exploration; detailed methods and techniques lack proper overview. A combination of both types of approaches and several techniques within are required to do optimal exploration. This book provides a number of examples (models) of different approaches and styles from different parts of the world, giving the reader not only new information but also a view of how different countries emphasize their exploration.
Vols. for 1964-v. 2, no. 1, 1965 include selected articles translated from geochemical papers from other languages, but primarily from Russian, German, French and Japanese.
This volume addresses the challenges facing explorers and developers alike in a region that is becoming a major focus of the petroleum industry in the United Kingdom, Faroes and North Norway. Several West of Shetland fields are still in the appraisal phase almost a decade after discovery. Sub-volcanic exploration risks remain high: sub-volcanic structural traps are imaged poorly, and so the geophysical community is responding with the application of latest technology. The more simple reservoirs might not be large enough to prompt informed and speedy development decisions; larger fields might have a combination of complexities, requiring a phased approach to the development. Infrastructure has been slow to arrive and planned developments have been subject to dramatic swings in fiscal regime ranging from special allowances to unexpected tax increases. Environmental challenges are significant when moving into more remote, deeper water. The perception of these challenges by the third parties has become much more acute. To sustain its right to operate, the industry has to demonstrate safe drilling operations and appropriate response capability with government agencies.
The unifying theme to the papers in this volume is that they deal with economic accumulations of sulfide minerals which, together with their host rocks, have been affected to varying degrees by regional metamorphism. The principle sulfide deposit types discussed are stratabound ZnCuPbAgBa deposits in regionally metamorphosed terranes which occur in a diverse variety of host lithologies. In addition other interesting deposit types are discussed and examples are presented from various parts of the world. The topics treated in this volume are: the interaction of sulfide minerals with their host rocks during regional metamorphism; the quantitative interpretation of P-T-time histories of regional metamorphism in which both sulfide and silicate phase relations must be considered together in order to meaningfully interpret the metamorphic history; the question of how to identify progenitors of rocks modified by tectonic and metamorphic processes and the implications of these studies; developing future exploration strategies for massive sulfide deposits in meatmorphic terranes.
The purpose of this monograph is to provide participants in my various short courses with a brief statement of the material I cover in my lectures. In addition, key illustrations are reproduced for guidance. A brief bibliography of reference material is appended to each chapter. The bibliographic material includes those references that I consider critical to my remarks. No claim is made of topical or bibliographic completeness. This monograph also is intended as a brief summary of depositional processes, Holocene sediments, ancient counterparts of depositional environments, and examples of oil- and gas-bearing stratigraphic traps in five depositional environments. This summary is intended to complement lecture and reading courses dealing with sedimentology, depositional systems, sedimentary facies, sedimentary environments, sandstone diagenesis, and sedimentary modelling as a predictive tool for exploration. The student is cautioned, however, that this monograph is merely an introduction and summary overview of the subject. More complete treatments appear in standard textbooks. Sedimentology has changed and advanced over the past twenty-five years, in part because the American oil industry needed to make predictions about the occurrence of the harder-to-find stratigraphic traps. In addition, the development of plate-tectonic theory, and supportive data from the Deep Sea Drilling Project, have caused sedimentology to change from an essentially descriptive science to a mature, predictive science. The 1960s and 1970s in particular witnessed an explosion of new insights and understanding of how sediments are deposited, and how sedimentary rocks are formed.