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This synthesis will be of interest to pavement designers, maintenance engineers, and others interested in methods and procedures for reducing reflection cracking of asphalt overlays. Information is provided on the use of paving fabrics and membranes in pavement rehabilitation. Reflection cracking of pavement overlays results in decreased pavement performance with respect to ride quality, structural support, skid resistance, and safety. The use of fabrics is one of the alternatives that are available to reduce or delay reflection cracking. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the experiences of agencies in the use of fabrics and membranes for reduction of reflection cracking.
This investigation was conducted in an effort to examine the effectiveness of geotextile fabrics used in conjunction with hot mix asphalt overlays over existing hot mix asphalt pavement sections in the jurisdiction of the Engineering Department in Washoe County, Nevada. The analysis was focused on the effects of the fabric placement on cracking visible at the surface of the new overlay sections, most notable reflective cracking transferred from the existing pavement prior to the overlay. Only the surface of the pavements were explored using the visual condition survey methods utilized by the Micro PAVER software and pavement management system on multiple overlay projects constructed from 1983-2003. The distress measurements of the analysis sections were conducted prior to the overlay placement and approximately one, three, and five years, following the overlay application. The overlay thicknesses varied from 1.5-2.5 inches with and without fabric placements.--Adapted from abstract.
The cost of pavement maintenance keeps escalating upward as refining crude oil technology increases, a shortage of raw materials rises, and mining permits are harder to obtain. As a result, both private and public property owners and homeowners' associations will be spending more on pavement maintenance than ever before. Thomas and Patrick McDonald rely on nearly sixty years of experience in pavement construction and maintenance as well as years of research as they share practical tools and tips that will help anyone manage a successful pavement maintenance project. Through the included charts that will help determine maintenance strategies, the McDonalds guide others on how to: - Identify and repair distresses in asphalt pavement - Develop the proper scope of work, specifications, bids, and contract documents - Estimate repair costs, manage the project, and monitor job site materials - Evaluate the return on investment for repairs Designed specifically to aid in any asphalt projects for commercial properties, shopping centers, industrial properties, apartment buildings, and homeowners' associations or master communities, the Guide to Pavement Maintenance provides step-by-step leadership for anyone ready to tackle a pavement maintenance project.
This report documents the installation of three commercially available paving fabrics for the reduction of reflective cracking in asphalt overlays. The fabrics installed were Paveprep, Glassgrid, and Tapecoat. The test section is in Willcox, Arizona, on State Route 186. The Willcox rehabilitation project, RS-274-(8)P, involved milling and replacing 2 in. of asphalt concrete, and placing pavement reinforcing fabric. A total of 600 linear feet of each product was placed over transverse cracks, and an additional 100 to 300 ft of each product were placed over random cracks. Markers were placed on the curbs to help monitor the performance of the fabrics during the next 3 years. Problems which occurred during installation of the fabrics are described.
New studies propose to upgrade thousands of County State Aid Highway (CSAH) miles from 7-ton to 9-ton to 10-ton routes. Bituminous pavements require major maintenance for both thermal and distress crack repairs. Structural or maintenance overlays often include intensive and expensive milling or reclaim operations to reduce the effects of existing cracking or crack sealants. Less expensive alternatives to isolate existing problems, retain strength and usability of existing roadways are needed. Paving fabric may: 1) Isolate overlay pavements from current cracking and moisture intrusion paths, 2) Allow retention of base and bituminous for route upgrades, and 3) Reduce the need for and impacts of future crack treatments. This report describes results to date over a three year period of testing spun glass paving fabric as a means of preserving existing bituminous pavements by isolating the effects of heavy crack sealants and reflective cracking. It describes test segments, photo documentation of pre-pave conditions, material used, installation with bituminous overlay projects, monitoring and evaluation, pre-and post-installation surface conditions for the contract report period (2+ years), results of FWD strength comparisons and cost comparisons with mill and replace, and two years' electronic file photo documentation of cracking with/without pavement fabric between new/old bituminous.
Propagation of cracks from existing pavements into a new asphalt concrete overlay (reflective cracking) is a major problem for both rigid and flexible pavements. Reflective cracking in pavements compromises ride quality and reduces the service life of the pavement. Reflective cracking of the asphalt layer over jointed concrete pavement is a perennial problem in Virginia and elsewhere. State transportation agencies continue to try various available treatment methods to delay or prevent reflective cracking with corrective or restorative maintenance. Some of those treatments include using paving fabric as an interlayer. Virginia has anecdotal experience with paving fabric interlayers, but little well-documented history with which to assess performance. The objective of this study was to establish a performance baseline for fabric interlayers in conjunction with asphalt concrete overlays on existing flexible, rigid, and composite pavements by documenting the installation and initial field performance of several projects in Virginia. Two types of interlayer fabric were used. One of the interlayers needed an asphalt leveling course for placement based on the manufacturer's specifications. As expected, all of the sections with interlayers are performing well. However, most of the sections were placed in 2017 and 2018, and hence the performance data are preliminary. These sections need to be monitored continuously to track pavement distress and performance over time. The cost of using interlayers in pavement ranged from 6 .0 dollars to 8 .0 dollars per square yard, depending on the type of fabric and installation method. Long-term performance data are needed to assess the benefit-cost effectiveness of using paving fabric interlayers in pavements.
Porous woven and non-woven fabrics have been used in road construction in Region since 1974. The fabrics have been used: 1) as filters for subsurface drainage; 2) separation layers to prevent subgrade soil contamination of base layers; 3) subgrade restraining layers for weak subgrades; 4) earth reinforcement to build retaining walls; S) erosion control, and 6) water proofing membranes. A reference notebook titled "Fabrics In Construction" is due for release to Region 6 Forests in June 1977. This notebook contains a description of current practices and the state-of-the-art in the use of fabrics in road construction and maintenance. The notebook defines terminology and lists the key factors involved in each usage, and relates the fabric physical and chemical properties to the intended usage. The notebook also contains appropriate technical literature, manufacturers' literature and cost data on the known available fabrics. This report highlights the contents of the reference book and discusses the current knowledge for the use of fabrics in low-volume road construction and maintenance. Present and projected uses of the fabric and the most significant physical properties related to these uses are discussed. Probable future uses and the areas of greatest need for technical knowledge and experience are outlined. The process for moving a fabric or fabric use from the conception and trial use state into full use with standard specifications and design criteria is described.