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Exposure to noise at home, at work, while traveling, and during leisure activities is a fact of life for all Americans. At times noise can be loud enough to damage hearing, and at lower levels it can disrupt normal living, affect sleep patterns, affect our ability to concentrate at work, interfere with outdoor recreational activities, and, in some cases, interfere with communications and even cause accidents. Clearly, exposure to excessive noise can affect our quality of life. As the population of the United States and, indeed, the world increases and developing countries become more industrialized, problems of noise are likely to become more pervasive and lower the quality of life for everyone. Efforts to manage noise exposures, to design quieter buildings, products, equipment, and transportation vehicles, and to provide a regulatory environment that facilitates adequate, cost-effective, sustainable noise controls require our immediate attention. Technology for a Quieter America looks at the most commonly identified sources of noise, how they are characterized, and efforts that have been made to reduce noise emissions and experiences. The book also reviews the standards and regulations that govern noise levels and the federal, state, and local agencies that regulate noise for the benefit, safety, and wellness of society at large. In addition, it presents the cost-benefit trade-offs between efforts to mitigate noise and the improvements they achieve, information sources available to the public on the dimensions of noise problems and their mitigation, and the need to educate professionals who can deal with these issues. Noise emissions are an issue in industry, in communities, in buildings, and during leisure activities. As such, Technology for a Quieter America will appeal to a wide range of stakeholders: the engineering community; the public; government at the federal, state, and local levels; private industry; labor unions; and nonprofit organizations. Implementation of the recommendations in Technology for a Quieter America will result in reduction of the noise levels to which Americans are exposed and will improve the ability of American industry to compete in world markets paying increasing attention to the noise emissions of products.
As part of the national effort to improve aviation safety, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) chartered the National Research Council to examine and recommend improvements in the aircraft certification process currently used by the FAA, manufacturers, and operators.
Executive Order 12866, issued on September 30, 1993, directed Federal Government agencies to undertake a far-reaching review of their regulatory process and practices. One aspect of this review was to examine and improve as necessary the methods used for assessing the benefits and costs of regulatory actions. In complying with the directives of EO 12866, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) initiated a search for ways to improve and expand its analytical capabilities and products, especially those related to benefit-cost analysis (BCA) methodology. In this connection, FAA asked the Transportation Research Board (TRB) to convene a group of experts, skilled in economic analysis and statistics, for the purpose of reviewing FAA's current methods of economic analysis and suggesting new approaches, refinements, or supplements to conventional BCA methods. This circular is a summary of the results of a workshop on BCA conducted by TRB in April 1996. At FAA's request, the focus of the workshop was on analysis of benefits, a concentration that stemmed from FAA's experience that costs are relatively easier to quantify than benefits and are not particularly difficult to estimate.
When discussing the risk of introducing drones into the National Airspace System, it is necessary to consider the increase in risk to people in manned aircraft and on the ground as well as the various ways in which this new technology may reduce risk and save lives, sometimes in ways that cannot readily be accounted for with current safety assessment processes. This report examines the various ways that risk can be defined and applied to integrating these Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System managed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It also identifies needs for additional research and developmental opportunities in this field.
The 2013 Plan serves as a roadmap of the FAA’s ongoing transition to NextGen and provides an overview of the benefits aircraft operators and passengers are receiving from recent NextGen improvements. NextGen is the shift to smarter, satellite-based and digital technologies and new procedures to make air travel more convenient, predictable and environmentally friendly. Highlights of the Plan include the latest on metroplex initiatives, Performance Based Navigation growth, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast deployments, surface collaboration and plans for future benefits. The plan devotes an entire chapter to general aviation and recognizes the growing role of this important stakeholder.
The science of resilience engineering is so new that there is little agreement about what it is. This book presents a framework for implementation that any organization, public or private, can use as a guide for establishing its own procedures and processes for achieving system resilience. This framework relies on an extensive familiarity with both the current research and also standard ways that programs are run in industry. This book can be used as a textbook in university courses or as a reference for practicing engineers, technology managers, and business professionals.