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This study focuses on export promotion schemes that developing countries may use without violating international trade rules. It examines the rules themselves ndash; the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures for industrial goods and the Agreement on Agriculture for agricultural products ndash; and looks at schemes currently in place in the developing world.
Companies succeed in international markets because of their competitive competence which, in large measure, is based on the level of knowledge and skill they bring to their international marketing activities. Public organizations in the export development and promotion field play a facilitating role in this process. Their mandate is to enhance the know-how of exporters and thereby assist foreign market entry, development and expansion. The interaction between these public organizations and the companies they exist to serve is the subject of this book. The book is wide-ranging and up-to-date. The work ofresearchers from 11 countries (in both the developed and developing world) is represented which means that a variety of perspectives are contained in the book. These contributions present the latest thinking on this important matter. The authors of each chapter are objective in their approach. Consequently, considerable attention is paid to the performance of the public organization support programs and activities. Each researcher comes to his/her own conclusions based on the individual work undertaken, but readers will fmd that certain common themes run through many ofthe chapters. The key objectives of the book are: 1. To provide academic researchers with a current and comprehensive treatment of the role played by public organizations in export development and promotion. 2. To expose professional readers (officials in relevant public organizations, consultants in the private sector or in international agencies) to a view of their field of interest that might be broader and more critical than normal.
Here is practical advice for anyone who wants to build their business by selling overseas. The International Trade Administration covers key topics such as marketing, legal issues, customs, and more. With real-life examples and a full index, A Basic Guide to Exporting provides expert advice and practical solutions to meet all of your exporting needs.
If you find that the domestic market is saturated, exporting is a very important strategic initiative, and you need this book to understand everything inherent in export marketing. This book describes the steps necessary to achieve success in export marketing. It is a step-by-step guide to the art and science of export marketing, from initial discovery to researching new markets, to the financial aspects, to managing ongoing operations.
Despite progress in communication technologies, lack of information still severely handicaps companies seeking to operate in international markets. Furthermore, the investments that these companies must make to gather the information required to trade with foreign markets may yield reduced returns and may consequently be low from a social point of view as third parties may derive benefits from this same information. Thus, lack of information may negatively affect trade, and thereby productivity and economic growth. For these reasons, firms carrying out export projects may require support to overcome information barriers. This is precisely the service that export promotion organizations provide. But, there is little evidence on how well these organizations perform this task. Export promotion is costly, and the resources used might be better employed elsewhere. In order to ascertain that these resources are, in fact, being well invested, it must be first determined whether the policy initiatives they finance have an impact on those variables that are supposed to affect, in this case, exports. Making this determination is the aim of this report. This study first makes a comprehensive analysis of export promotion organizations in some three dozens of countries and regions; and second, it provides robust evaluations, using state-of-the-art econometrics and original data sets purposely compiled, of the impacts that policies have had on export outcomes of countries and firms. Findings reported in this study suggest that trade promotion has been effective in facilitating export expansion, especially along the extensive margin. At the same time, the report points the need for further research to gain deeper insights into its relative merits.
As the first international convention focused on stimulating trade through policy actions, the International Symposium on Trade Promotion and Assistance sought to present a comprehensive treatment of the role of the public sector in trade promotion. The papers presented at the conference have been collected in this book, and they review trade promotion activities at the international, state, and local levels. They also address the roles of private-sector institutions such as universities, trade centers, and trade associations in providing information and assistance to those companies interested in exporting. The book presents the invaluable experience and advice of experts who discuss obstacles firms face in exporting efforts and suggest how to achieve higher awareness levels, how to best assist firms in getting into the market, and how to make experienced exporters more successful. Divided into four parts, this collection features eighteen selections that address various aspects of trade promotion and assistance. The five chapters that make up Part I focus on state and federal programs in trade promotion. Part II, which contains seven chapters, looks at trade promotion programs in such countries as England, Norway, Australia, and China. Part III presents four readings on university and private initiatives in stimulating partnerships for export promotion, and Part IV features three chapters of empirical research findings on exporting with implications for public policy. A conclusion and index are also included, as well as a number of tables and figures. This book will be an important reference for companies involved in international business and sales, for business and marketing courses, and for public and academic libraries.
This book helps managers and scholars understand the born-global phenomenon. We offer a comprehensive treatment of born globals, from distinctive features of these companies, to strategies that they use for international success, to implications of the phenomenon for international small- and medium-sized enterprises. We review useful theories and frameworks, as well as introduce a new field based on the born-global phenomenon - international entrepreneurship.