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Teknisk og videnskabelig redegørelse for eksplosions- og forbrændingsprocesser for gasarter med relationer til motorer. Egnet som lærebog.
Whether in the Stone Age or in Greek mythology, fire has always been the essence of life. As G.G. Brown put it in 1928, “Combustion is without exaggeration the most important reaction to the human race. All human and animal existence depends upon combustion as its course of energy.” This book provides a detailed description of the elements of combustion, offering descriptive figures, illustrative quips, and analogies to facilitate understanding. It begins with some historical highlights of the understanding of combustion and technological progresses. It then discusses the thermodynamic and chemical kinetics underlying the fast chemical reactions, before expounding on the fundamental combustion wave, or flame. After this, the book moves onto the premixed turbulent flame and the spark-ignited turbulent flame, before considering the diffusion-controlled, non-premixed flame in both laminar and turbulent forms. The book concludes with explanations of wonderful natural combustion, fire, fire-retarding slime and DNA, and the amazing bombardier beetle.
The new definitive reference in the field. Between them, the renowned team of editors and authors have amassed unparalleled experience at such institutes as BAM, PTB, Pittsburgh National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, BASF AG, and the University of Göttingen. In this work -- the first of its kind for 35 years -- they describe in detail those measures that prevent or limit industrial explosions and the damage so caused. They cover various preventative methods, as well as the current state of technology combined with data gained through experimentation. This handbook offers operational, planning, design and safety engineers working in industry, government agencies and professional associations in-depth knowledge of the scientific and technical basics, allowing them to apply explosion protection according to any given situation.
Accidents in industrial installations are random events. Hence they cannot be totally avoided. Only the probability of their occurrence may be reduced and their consequences be mitigated. The book proceeds from hazards caused by materials and process conditions to indicating engineered and organizational measures for achieving the objectives of reduction and mitigation. Qualitative methods for identifying weaknesses of design and increasing safety as well as models for assessing accident consequences are presented. The quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of safety measures is explained. The treatment of uncertainties plays a role there. They stem from the random character of the accident and from lacks of knowledge of some of the phenomena to be addressed. The reader is acquainted with the simulation of accidents, with safety and risk analyses and learns how to judge the potential and limitations of mathematical modelling. Risk analysis is applied amongst others to “functional safety” and the determination of “appropriate distances” between industry and residential areas (land-use planning). This shows how it can be used as a basis for safety-relevant decisions. Numerous worked-out examples and case studies addressing real plants and situations deepen the understanding of the subjects treated and support self-study.