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"Today, architectural plans and drawings are always signposted with colors: pink for poché, or exterior walls, yellow for certain interior elements, and blue for details and ornament. How and why did this practice begin? The craft of architectural drawing-plans, sections, and details-was originally developed during the Italian Renaissance under the influence of engravers. The results were correspondingly monochromatic, relying on representation through line and perspective. But in the 1800s, an influx of painters-turned-architects in Holland and Germany brought color into their designs. This innovation eventually spread throughout Europe, inspiring French architectural engineers to adopt a common color system in order to more clearly communicate their designs across the kingdom, and giving architects another tool with which to impress academic juries and the public. In this book, author Basile Baudez argues that color was not an essential feature of architectural drawing until European architects adopted a precise system of representation in response to political and artistic rivalry between countries, as well as the needs of public exhibitions. He shows that French engineers learned to use color from the Dutch colleagues they worked with and then fought against during the Dutch War (1672-78), demonstrating that a color-based system was published in French manuals for military engineers and used by royal architects, and that architects who wanted to compete with paintings for the public's attention needed to use the familiar language of color. This history reveals that color came to have three functions: to imitate architectural materials, to establish concise representational conventions that could span large geographic distances, and to seduce the public, including tourists. The book will feature a large number of fascinating, previously unpublished archival drawings, and will contribute to growing interest in the origins and professionalization of architecture, as well as the history of drawing as a medium"--
Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin (1699-1779) is acknowledged as one of the finest genre and still-life painters of the eighteenth century. Until now, there has been surprisingly little substantial scholarship published on this great French artist's work. This authoritative and beautiful book redresses that lack, bringing to light a wealth of new material about an important and seminal artist, including paintings discovered within the last decade. A man of humble origins who painted humble subjects, Chardin rose to become one of the most sought-after artists of his day, attracting the patronage of Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great, and the Queen of Sweden, among others. The outstanding colorplates in Chardin clearly demonstrate why his work was so popular, and why it still intrigues us today. They reveal the artist's extraordinary understanding of form and volume, his virtuosity in depicting surface textures, and above all his poetic, yet unsentimental feeling for the common objects of daily life. Chardin's unassuming kitchen-table vignettes were enormously influential on the history of painting in France, where they have been revered for two centuries. They touch us with their calmness and humanity: a young boy building a house of cards; a woman taking tea, interiors with fruit, game, and lustrous copper pans. They are more than just depictions of domestic contentment; Chardin's paintings convey values that transcend his time and bring the artist and the modern observer together. An illustrated catalogue of prints made after Chardin's paintings accompanies a fascinating analysis of Chardin's life and career by Marianne Roland Michel, Director of the noted Galerie Cailleux in Parisand a highly regarded authority on French eighteenth-century painting and drawing. Together with contemporary accounts by Denis Diderot and Charles-Nicholas Cochin, a fully rounded picture emerges of the artist's life, his critical reception, the artistic world of his time, and his works themselves, which alone are proof of his unique standing. This lavish work is an invaluable contribution to the literature on Chardin and eighteenth-century art.
Met teksten in het Engels, Frans, Italiaans, Duits, Nederlands Bibliografie : p. 561-590 Recent investigations conceiving the history of the education of young artists, and the theories of art connected with that education.