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The present research studies the fundamental physics occurring during the magnetic flux and magnetized plasma compression by plasma implosion. This subject is relevant to numerous studies in laboratory and space plasmas. Recently, it has attracted particular interest due to the advances in producing high-energy-density plasmas in fusion-oriented experiments, based on the approach of magnetized plasma compression. The studied configuration consists of a cylindrical gas-puff shell with pre-embedded axial magnetic field that pre-fills the anode-cathode gap. Subsequently, axial pulsed current is driven through the plasma generating an azimuthal magnetic field that compresses the plasma and the axial magnetic field embedded in it. A key parameter for the understanding of the physics occurring during the magnetized plasma compression is the evolution and distribution of the axial and azimuthal magnetic fields. Here, for the first time ever, both fields are measured simultaneously employing non-invasive spectroscopic methods that are based on the polarization properties of the Zeeman effect. These measurements reveal unexpected results of the current distribution and the nature of the equilibrium between the axial and azimuthal fields. These observations show that a large part of the current does not flow in the imploding plasma, rather it flows through a low-density plasma residing at large radii. The development of a force-free current configuration is suggested to explain this phenomenon. Previously unpredicted observations in higher-power imploding-magnetized-plasma experiments, including recent unexplained structures observed in the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiment, may be connected to the present discovery.
An anisotropic electron velocity distribution was produced in a magnetized plasma by means of an intense AC electric field near the cyclotron resonance. Unstable electrostatic waves associated with such a distribution were investigated theoretically and confirmed experimentally using the combination scattering technique. In particular, waves near the second harmonic of the electron motion imposed by the AC field were studied in detail. Their dependence on the plasma density was measured and very good agreement with the theory was obtained. Experimental observations showed that the waves were stimulated by the external AC power at least in low plasma densities. At higher plasma densities there was evidence of self-excitation. The growth rates were measured. Cyclotron harmonic electrostatic waves associated with the Maxwellian distribution, (in the absence of the AC field), were observed by means of the same technique. They were excited near the second harmonic by an extraordinary electromagnetic wave which was weakly coupled to the plasma and therefore did not perturb the thermal distribution. Qualitative agreement with the theory and other related experiments was obtained in this case. (Author).
The chemical kinetics which control the decay of electron density following a nuclear burst are discussed and values are suggested for the rate constants of all reactions of importance in the overall process. An analysis of the chemical kinetics of the normal atmosphere at 100 km is given and those of various nitrogen-containing species at 70 km are analyzed showing the probable importance of N2O. The results to date on the program for the determination of the rate constant of the dissociative recombination of NO(+) are given. The results of the theoretical calculation of the rate constants of the O(+)+O( - )and N(+)+O( - )ion-ion recombination reactions are reviewed. (Author).