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The Fuel-Performance Test Facility (FPTF) is the latest in a series of special EBR-II instrumented in-core test facilities. A flow control valve in the facility is programmed to vary the coolant flow, and thus the temperature, in an experimental-irradiation subassembly beneath it and coupled to it. In this way, thermal transients can be simulated in that subassembly without changing the temperatures in surrounding subassemblies. The FPTF also monitors sodium flow and temperature, and detects delayed neutrons in the sodium effluent from the experimental-irradiation subassembly beneath it. This facility also has an acoustical detector (high-temperature microphone) for detecting sodium boiling.
Koch, former manager of the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II), offers a first-hand account of the development, design, construction, and initial operation of this facility, which has contributed to the foundation of knowledge for all fast reactors. He explains why certain design choices were made while others were rejected. He also outlines how he thinks that future sodium cooled fast reactors should be designed, based on the experience gained with EBR-II. An appendix traces the lineage of EBR-II, including original memos and meeting notes, beginning with Enrico Fermi and Walter Zinn and progressing to the formation of the EBR-II project. B&w photos and illustrations are included. The book is of interest to designers of future fast reactors. There is no subject index.
Experimental Breeder Reactor No. II (EBR-II), initially designed, built, and operated as a demonstration fast-neutron power reactor with an integral fuel cycle facility, has been operated as an LMFBR irradiation test facility for approximately the past fourteen years. The initial core loading and subsequent fuel has been fabricated by Argonne National Laboratory and two commercial vendors. Fuel-fabrication techniques, equipment, and procedures currently in use were originally developed for the recycle of irradiated EBR-II fuel in the remotely operated ANL Fuel Cycle Facility. Fuel-element design has undergone several changes to obtain better performance and extended burnup. Correspondingly, fuel-fabrication techniques have been modified and refined, and the process has been placed in conformance with new administrative, safety, quality-assurance, and safeguards requirements.
The exceptional performance of Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) metallic driver fuel has been demonstrated by the irradiation of a large number of elements under steady-state, transient overpower, and loss-of-flow conditions. High burnup with high reliability has been achieved by a close coupling of element design and materials selection. Quantification of reliability has allowed full utilization of element lifetime. Improved design and duct materials currently under test are expected to increase the burnup from 8 to 14 at.%.
The initial "Hazard Summary Report - Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II)" was published as ANL-5719 in May, 1957. At the time of preparation of ANL-5719 (early 1957), the design of the EBR-II Facility was in progress - construction had not started. This Addendum is limited, for the most part, to changes which have been made in the EBR-II Facility, and to supporting experimental data developed, since the publication of ANL-5719.
The off-normal performance of EBR-II Mark-II driver fuel has been more than satisfactory as demonstrated by robust reliability under repeated transient overpower and undercooled loss-of-flow tests, by benign run-beyond-cladding-breach behavior, and by forgiving response to fabrication defects including lack of bond. Test results have verified that the metallic driver fuel is very tolerant of off-normal events. This behavior has allowed EBR-II to operate in a combined steady-state and transient mode to provide test capability without limitation from the metallic driver fuel.
The mission of the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) has evolved from that of a small LMFBR demonstration plant to a major irradiation-test facility. Because of that evolution, many operational-safety issues have been encountered. The paper describes the EBR-II operational-safety experience in four areas: protection-system design, safety-document preparation, tests of off-normal reactor conditions, and tests of elements with breached cladding.
These experiments are preoperational zero-power nuclear investigations in the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) prior to insertion of sodium coolant. The experiments were performed with the power reactor instruments, fuel and mechanical components installed. The measured dry critical size, reactivity worth of control mechanisms and isothermal temperature coefficient of reactivity are in good agreement with predicted values. Additional measurements include neutron flux distributions in the uranium reflector and outside the reactor neutron shield.
Operations may be described in general terms as including disassembly of reactor subassemblies and their constituent fuel elements, fuel purification, refabrication of fuel elements, and reassembly of the reactor core subassemblies for reloading into the reactor.
EBR-II (Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 2) was originally designed and operated by ANL as a demonstration of a fast breeder central station reactor. After successful demonstration of this goal, including a "quick turn-around" fuel cycle, the reactor was converted into an irradiation test facility. Numerous types of irradiation sub-assemblies were designed and constructed. In addition, two types of experimental facilities will serve to provide instrument read-out data during the life of the experiments, while the reactor is operating. The two types are "The Instrumented Subassembly System", and "The In-Core Instrument Test Facility". The study shows that temperatures of 900°-1350°F could be attained during reactor operation. Temperatures above and below this range would cause heat transfer or stress problems. It is intended to make it possible to remove and insert individual tests without effecting the remaining instruments being tested.