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Some experimental and theoretical studies have been made of axisymmetric free jets exhausting from sonic and supersonic nozzles into still air and into supersonic streams with a view toward problems associated with propulsive jets and the investigation of these problems. For jets exhausting into still air, consideration is given to the effects of jet Mach number, nozzle divergence angle, and jet static-pressure ratio upon jet structure, jet wavelength, and the shape and curvature of the jet boundary. Studies of the effects of the ratio of specific heats of the jets are included as are observations pertaining to jet noise and jet simulation. For jets exhausting into supersonic streams, an attempt has been made to present primarily theoretical curves of the type that may be useful in evaluating certain jet interference effects and in formulating experimental studies. The primary variables considered are jet Mach number, free-stream Mach number, jet static-pressure ratio, ratio of specific heats of the jet, nozzle exit angle, and boattail angle. The simulation problem and the case of a hypothetical hypersonic vehicle are examined. A few experimental observations are included.
This volume is a collection of the unclassified papers presented at the Third Symposium on the Plasma Sheath-Plasma Electromagnetics of Hypersonic Flight. This symposium consisted of the review of progress in reentry communication studies during the three year period since the prior meeting. The program of this symposium on plasma electromagnetics of hypersonic flight involves a wide range of scientific disciplines, including electromagnetics, aerodynamics, aero-thermochemistry, plasma dynamics, electronics, and high- temperature phenomena. The papers were selected to explore as many of these facets of research, including the results of laboratory, flight, and system tests, as time permitted.
This book includes high-quality research papers presenting the latest advances in aerospace and related engineering fields. The papers are organized according to six broad areas (i) Aerospace Propulsion, (ii) Space Research, Avionics and Instrumentation, (iii) Aerodynamics Wind Tunnel and Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), (iv) Structural Analysis and Finite Element Method (FEM), (v) Materials, Manufacturing and Air Safety and (vi) Aircraft Environmental and Control System and Stability, making it easy for readers to find the information they require. Offering insights into the state of the art in aerospace engineering, the original research presented is valuable to academics, researchers, undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as professionals in industry and R&D. The clearly written book can be used for the validation of data, and the development of experimental and simulation techniques as well as other mathematical approaches.
The last two decades have witnessed a rapid development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) involving gas microflows in various technical fields. Gas microflows can, for example, be observed in microheat exchangers designed for chemical applications or for cooling of electronic components, in fluidic microactuators developed for active flow control purposes, in micronozzles used for the micropropulsion of nano and picosats, in microgas chromatographs, analyzers or separators, in vacuum generators and in Knudsen micropumps, as well as in some organs-on-a-chip, such as artificial lungs. These flows are rarefied due to the small MEMS dimensions, and the rarefaction can be increased by low-pressure conditions. The flows relate to the slip flow, transition or free molecular regimes and can involve monatomic or polyatomic gases and gas mixtures. Hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer are strongly impacted by rarefaction effects, and temperature-driven microflows offer new opportunities for designing original MEMS for gas pumping or separation. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel theoretical and numerical models or data, as well as on new experimental results and technics, for improving knowledge on heat and mass transfer in gas microflows. Papers dealing with the development of original gas MEMS are also welcome.