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Ernie Rutter has made, and continues to make, a significant impact in the field of rock deformation. He has studied brittle and plastic deformation processes that occur within both the oceanic and continental crust, as well as other key properties such as the permeability and seismic velocities of these rocks. His approach has been one that integrates field observations, laboratory experiments and theoretical analyses. This volume celebrates Ernie's key contribution to rock deformation and structural geology by bringing together a collection of papers that represent this broad approach. The papers within the volume address key issues that remain within these fields. These range from fundamental studies of brittle and plastic behaviour along with the resultant structures and microstructures from both the field and laboratory, to applied problems where a better understanding of the deformation and properties of the crust is still needed.
The characteristics of a new foundation model, consisting of two spring layers interconnected by a shear layer, are studied. The study is conducted on the classical problem of a foundation subjected to a rigid stamp. In order to reduce the number of foundation constants to an absolutely necessary minimum, special attention is given to a possible dependence of the constants of the upper and lower spring layers, particularly to the spring constant ratio three which is suggested by Reissner's foundation model. A comparison of the obtained pressure distributions with relevant experimental data seems to suppor the adoption of this value, thus reducing the number of foundation constants to two. Advantages of the presented model over other foundation models are pointed out. (Author).
The purpose of this work is to provide those contemplating scientific or engineering activities in cold regions with a general picture of their geology and physiography. The cold regions are the Arctic, Alaska, Canadian Arctic and subarctic, Greenland, Iceland, Jan Mayen Svalbard, Scandinavia, U.S.S.R., and the Antarctica.