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This work brings together quantum theory and spectroscopy to convey excitation processes to advanced students and specialists wishing to conduct research and understand the entire fi eld rather than just single aspects. Written by experienced authors and recognized authorities in the field, this text covers numerous applications and offers examples taken from different disciplines. As a result, spectroscopists, molecular physicists, physical chemists, and biophysicists will all fi nd this a must-have for their research. Also suitable as supplementary reading in graduate level courses.
This thesis work analyses aspects of dissipative quantum dynamics, with a view to look for further possibilities of controlling the dynamics with shaped laser pulses. The first part concerns the problem of efficient population transfer in mesoscopic zero-dimensional solid state systems - InAs quantum dots embedded in GaAs matrix. In these systems the consequences of laser driving induced dissipation of exciton dynamics are analyzed, in relation to adiabatic population transfer. Specifically, the problem of robust creation of exciton and biexciton states are addressed through numerical simulations and analytical approaches using a non-Markovian density matrix based analysis, suitable for dealing with dissipative quantum dynamics under strong laser fields. A physical picture describing phonon induced dissipation among dressed state has emerged as a consistent interpretation of the underlying dynamics. Furthermore, suitable parameter regimes where efficient population transfer can be achieved are proposed. The second part deals with the population transfer to high lying vibrational states of the CO stretching mode of carboxy-hemoglobin molecule in the native protein environment. On the basis of a fluctuating potential for the CO stretching mode, ultrafast pump-probe spectra are simulated using quantum wave packet propagation. To this end, Local Control Theory was employed to find design a set of laser pulses which accomplish the 'vibrational ladder climbing' and selective state preparation despite the detrimental fluctuations induced by the protein environment. These results will be providing benchmarks for the future experimental efforts.
Marco Schröter investigates the influence of the local environment on the exciton dynamics within molecular aggregates, which build, e.g., the light-harvesting complexes of plants, bacteria or algae by means of the hierarchy equations of motion (HEOM) method. He addresses the following questions in detail: How can coherent oscillations within a system of coupled molecules be interpreted? What are the changes in the quantum dynamics of the system for increasing coupling strength between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom? To what extent does decoherence govern the energy transfer properties of molecular aggregates?.
This collection of lectures treats the dynamics of open systems with a strong emphasis on dissipation phenomena related to dynamical chaos. This research area is very broad, covering topics such as nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, environment-system coupling (decoherence) and applications of Markov semi-groups to name but a few. The book addresses not only experienced researchers in the field but also nonspecialists from related areas of research, postgraduate students wishing to enter the field and lecturers searching for advanced textbook material.
Continuing miniaturization of electronic devices, together with the quickly growing number of nanotechnological applications, demands a profound understanding of the underlying physics. Most of the fundamental problems of modern condensed matter physics involve various aspects of quantum transport and fluctuation phenomena at the nanoscale. In nanostructures, electrons are usually confined to a limited volume and interact with each other and lattice ions, simultaneously suffering multiple scattering events on impurities, barriers, surface imperfections, and other defects. Electron interaction with other degrees of freedom generally yields two major consequences, quantum dissipation and quantum decoherence. In other words, electrons can lose their energy and ability for quantum interference even at very low temperatures. These two different, but related, processes are at the heart of all quantum phenomena discussed in this book. This book presents copious details to facilitate the understanding of the basic physics behind a result and the learning to technically reproduce the result without delving into extra literature. The book subtly balances the description of theoretical methods and techniques and the display of the rich landscape of the physical phenomena that can be accessed by these methods. It is useful for a broad readership ranging from master’s and PhD students to postdocs and senior researchers.
Mots-clés de l'auteur: Ultrafast Optical Spectroscopy ; Many-Body Physics ; Collective Excitations ; Strongly Correlated Electron Systems.
Knowledge of the excitation characteristics of matter is decisive for the descriptions of a variety of dynamical processes, which are of significant technological interest. E.g. transport properties and the optical response are controlled by the excitation spectrum. This self-contained work is a coherent presentation of the quantum theory of correlated few-particle excitations in electronic systems. It begins with a compact resume of the quantum mechanics of single particle excitations. Particular emphasis is put on Green function methods, which offer a natural tool to unravel the relations between the physics of small and large electronic systems. The book contains explicit expressions for the Coulomb Green function of two charge particles and a generalization to three-body systems. Techniques for the many-body Green function of finite systems are introduced and some explicit calculations of the Green functions are given. Concrete examples are provided and the theories are contrasted with experimental data, when available. The second volume presents an up-to-date selection of applications of the developed concepts and a comparison with available experiments is made
The goal of the 8th International Symposium on Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in the Light of New Technology was to link recent advances in technology with fundamental problems and issues in quantum mechanics with an emphasis on quantum coherence, decoherence, and geometrical phase.The papers collected in this volume cover a wide range of quantum physics, including quantum information and entanglement, quantum computing, quantum-dot systems, the anomalous Hall effect and the spin-Hall effect, spin related phenomena, superconductivity in nano-systems, precise measurements, and fundamental problems. The volume serves both as an excellent reference for experts and a useful introduction for newcomers to the field of quantum coherence and decoherence.