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Portland cement grout identified as BCT-1-FF (Bell Canyon Test 1-FF) was used in borehole plugging experiments in the Bell Canyon Tests in Hole AEC-7 at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site in New Mexico during September 1979 and February 1980. This grout was made with fresh water. A study of this grout was begun in August 1979 in the laboratory to evaluate the possible effects of temperature, pressure, and storage in fresh water or simulated groundwater (brine) on its phase composition and compressive strength at early ages. Phase composition was determined by X-ray diffraction. Temperatures ranged up to about 150 F and included elevation at a few hours age after mixing; pressure was as high as 1500 psi; specimens were stored in simulated groundwater (brine) or in fresh water. Data from 1 to 90 days showed: Higher temperature accelerated early strength gain. These differences essentially vanished by 90 days age. Hydration products as identified by X-ray diffraction were normal; this indicated that a temperature range of 78 to 153 F was not significant. Pressure did not affect composition. Storage in simulated groundwater (brine) or fresh water had no detectable effect. Since the BCT-1-FF grout mixture contained added sulfate, it formed more ettringite as judged by X-ray diffraction than comparable portland cement mixtures without added sulfate. (Author).
Some of the considerations involved in the development of hydraulic cement-based grout mixtures intended for use in the isolation of nuclear waste stored underground are longevity, impermeability, uniformity, ease of placement, and relevance to previously used systems. Work done at the Structures Laboratory of the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station on this subject has indicated that apparently adequate systems can be based on well known ingredients. Information on field testing and long-term testing of these grouts has confirmed this indication. The following conclusions are indicated: (a) Selection of control parameters such as flow time, time of setting, compressive strength, and permeability for a candidate grout mixture should be criteria used in the formulation of a grout mixture. (b) Once quantitative levels of such parameters have been established, the hydraulic cement-based grout system has adequate latitude in its formulation to accommodate these needs. (c) While longevity in nonaggressive environments and compatibility with host rocks is known in general for such systems, data for specific mixtures under specific conditions must be developed. A Standard Practice for Selecting Mixture Proportions for Hydraulic Cement-Based Materials Systems for Repository Sealing is presented as an Appendix. (Author).
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