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A borehole designated ERDA-10 was filled with portland cement based grout in October 1977. The borehole is located in Eddy Co., N. Mex. The hole was filled with grout of four compositions, three of which were similar and made with salt water as mixing water; the upper portion of the hole was filled with a grout made using fresh water as mixing water. During the filling operation, test specimens were cast using these grouts. The deepest plug (plug 1) was cored 48 hours after placement. During the filling operation, test specimens were cast using all four grout compositions. The core from plug 1 and the test specimens were sent to the Structures Laboratory of the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station for physical tests and petrographic examination. They were stored in the laboratory at temperatures ranging from about 23 C to 54 C. Tests and examinations were made at three ages: (a) 23 + or - 8 days, (b) approximately 1 year, and (c) approximately 3 years. This report presents the results of the petrographic examination which included use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The grouts made with salt water formed tetracalcium aluminate dichloride-10-hydrate (C3A(CaCl2)H10) at the expense of ettringite during continued hydration. The C3A(CaCl2)H10 was already present when the grouts were examined at the early ages (23 + or - 8 days).
Some of the considerations involved in the development of hydraulic cement-based grout mixtures intended for use in the isolation of nuclear waste stored underground are longevity, impermeability, uniformity, ease of placement, and relevance to previously used systems. Work done at the Structures Laboratory of the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station on this subject has indicated that apparently adequate systems can be based on well known ingredients. Information on field testing and long-term testing of these grouts has confirmed this indication. The following conclusions are indicated: (a) Selection of control parameters such as flow time, time of setting, compressive strength, and permeability for a candidate grout mixture should be criteria used in the formulation of a grout mixture. (b) Once quantitative levels of such parameters have been established, the hydraulic cement-based grout system has adequate latitude in its formulation to accommodate these needs. (c) While longevity in nonaggressive environments and compatibility with host rocks is known in general for such systems, data for specific mixtures under specific conditions must be developed. A Standard Practice for Selecting Mixture Proportions for Hydraulic Cement-Based Materials Systems for Repository Sealing is presented as an Appendix. (Author).