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Submarine slopes provide the critical link between shallow-water and deep-water sedimentary environments. They accumulate a sensitive record of sediment supply, accommodation creation/destruction, and tectonic processes during basin filling. There is a complex stratigraphic response to the interplay between parameters that control the evolution of submarine slope systems, e.g. slope gradient, topographic complexity, sediment flux and calibre, base-level change, tectonic setting, and post-depositional sediment remobilization processes. The increased understanding of submarine slope systems has been driven partly by the discovery of large hydrocarbon fields in morphologically complex slope settings, such as the Gulf of Mexico and offshore West Africa, and has led to detailed case studies and improved generic models for their evolution. This volume brings together research papers from modern, outcrop and subsurface settings to highlight these recent advances in understanding of the stratigraphic evolution of submarine slope systems.
Regional Geology and Tectonics: Principles of Geologic Analysis, 2nd edition is the first in a three-volume series covering Phanerozoic regional geology and tectonics. The new edition provides updates to the first edition's detailed overview of geologic processes, and includes new sections on plate tectonics, petroleum systems, and new methods of geological analysis. This book provides both professionals and students with the basic principles necessary to grasp the conceptual approaches to hydrocarbon exploration in a wide variety of geological settings globally. - Discusses in detail the principles of regional geological analysis and the main geological and geophysical tools - Captures and identifies the tectonics of the world in detail, through a series of unique geographic maps, allowing quick access to exact tectonic locations - Serves as the ideal introductory overview and complementary reference to the core concepts of regional geology and tectonics offered in volumes 2 and 3 in the series
Seismic Geology and Basin Analysis: Case Studies on Sedimentary Basins in China introduces the principles, approaches and techniques needed to solve problems using seismic data calibrated with well log, cores and outcrop profiles. The book emphasizes the adoption of seismic techniques into basin analysis and broadens the usage of seismic data in geological research which may be referred to as "seismic geology. The principle of the book is mainly summarized from a series of case studies in different basins in China. In addition, through this book readers can understand the primary characteristics and basin fill evolution of major petroleum basins around the world. When starting research on a basin, researchers and professionals are confronted with how to reveal the general architecture of basin fills and depict three-dimensional geometry, and the internal architecture of subsurface depositional bodies and their arrangement, hence this book is a great tome on necessary areas of exploration. - Examines the adoption of seismic techniques into basin analysis and broadens the usage of seismic data in geological research - Includes seismic, well log, core and outcrop data, as well as high resolution 3D seismic profiles and slices - Features case studies to further illustrate principles and approaches described in the book, which can be applied to similar basins around the world
Deep-water (below wave base) processes, although generallyhidden from view, shape the sedimentary record of more than 65% ofthe Earth’s surface, including large parts of ancientmountain belts. This book aims to inform advanced-levelundergraduate and postgraduate students, and professional Earthscientists with interests in physical oceanography and hydrocarbonexploration and production, about many of the important physicalaspects of deep-water (mainly deep-marine) systems. The authorsconsider transport and deposition in the deep sea, trace-fossilassemblages, and facies stacking patterns as an archive of theunderlying controls on deposit architecture (e.g., seismicity,climate change, autocyclicity). Topics include modern and ancientdeep-water sedimentary environments, tectonic settings, and howbasinal and extra-basinal processes generate the typicalcharacteristics of basin slopes, submarine canyons, contouritemounds and drifts, submarine fans, basin floors and abyssalplains.
Historically, submarine-mass failures or mass-transport deposits have been a focus of increasingly intense investigation by academic institutions particularly during the last decade, though they received much less attention by geoscientists in the energy industry. With recent interest in expanding petroleum exploration and production into deeper water-depths globally and more widespread availability of high-quality data sets, mass-transport deposits are now recognized as a major component of most deep-water settings. This recognition has lead to the realization that many aspects of these deposits are still unknown or poorly understood. This volume contains twenty-three papers that address a number of topics critical to further understanding mass-transport deposits. These topics include general overviews of these deposits, depositional settings on the seafloor and in the near-subsurface interval, geohazard concerns, descriptive outcrops, integrated outcrop and seismic data/seismic forward modeling, petroleum reservoirs, and case studies on several associated topics. This volume will appeal to a broad cross section of geoscientists and geotechnical engineers, who are interested in this rapidly expanding field. The selection of papers in this volume reflects a growing trend towards a more diverse blend of disciplines and topics, covered in the study of mass-transport deposits.
Deepwater Sedimentary Systems: Science, Discovery and Applications helps readers identify, understand and interpret deepwater sedimentary systems at various scales – both onshore and offshore. This book describes the best practices in the integration of geology, geophysics, engineering, technology and economics used to inform smart business decisions in these diverse environments. It draws on technical results gained from deepwater exploration and production drilling campaigns and global field analog studies. With the multi-decadal resilience of deepwater exploration and production and the nature of its inherent uncertainty, this book serves as the essential reference for companies, consultancies, universities, governments and deepwater practitioners around the world seeking to understand deepwater systems and how to explore for and produce resources in these frontier environments. From an academic perspective, readers will use this book as the primer for understanding the processes, deposits and sedimentary environments in deep water – from deep oceans to deep lakes. This book provides conceptual approaches and state-of-the-art information on deepwater systems, as well as scenarios for the next 100 years of human-led exploration and development in deepwater, offshore environments. The students taught this material in today's classrooms will become the leaders of tomorrow in Earth's deepwater frontier. This book provides a broad foundation in deepwater sedimentary systems. What may take an individual dozens of academic and professional courses to achieve an understanding in these systems is provided here in one book. - Presents a holistic view of how subsurface and engineering processes work together in the energy industry, bringing together contributions from the various technical and engineering disciplines - Provides diverse perspectives from a global authorship to create an accurate picture of the process of deepwater exploration and production around the world - Helps readers understand how to interpret deepwater systems at various scales to inform smart business decisions, with a significant portion of the workflows derived from the upstream energy industry
This GSL volume focuses on underwater or subaqueous landslides with the overarching goal of understanding how they affect society and the environment. The new research presented here is the result of significant advances made over recent years in directly monitoring submarine landslides, in standardising global datasets for quantitative analysis, constructing a global database, and leading international research projects. This volume demonstrates the breadth of investigation taking place into subaqueous landslides, and shows that while events like the recent ones in the Indonesian archipelago can be devastating they are at the smaller end of what the Earth has experienced in the past. Understanding the spectrum of subaqueous landslide processes, and therefore the potential societal impact, requires research across all spatial and temporal scales. This volume delivers a compilation of state-of-the-art papers covering topics from regional landslide databases to advanced techniques for in situ measurements, to numerical modelling of processes and hazards.
Basin Analysis is an advanced undergraduate and postgraduate text aimed at understanding sedimentary basins as geodynamic entities. The rationale of the book is that knowledge of the basic principles of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the lithosphere, the dynamics of the mantle, and the functioning of sediment routing systems provides a sound background for studying sedimentary basins, and is a pre-requisite for the exploitation of resources contained in their sedimentary rocks. The third edition incorporates new developments in the burgeoning field of basin analysis while retaining the successful structure and overall philosophy of the first two editions. The text is divided into 4 parts that establish the geodynamical environment for sedimentary basins and the physical state of the lithosphere, followed by a coverage of the mechanics of basin formation, an integrated analysis of the controls on the basin-fill and its burial and thermal history, and concludes with an application of basin analysis principles in petroleum play assessment, including a discussion of unconventional hydrocarbon plays. The text is richly supplemented by Appendices providing mathematical derivations of a wide range of processes affecting the formation of basins and their sedimentary fills. Many of these Appendices include practical exercises that give the reader hands-on experience of quantitative solutions to important basin analysis processes. Now in full colour and a larger format, this third edition is a comprehensive update and expansion of the previous editions, and represents a rigorous yet accessible guide to problem solving in this most integrative of geoscientific disciplines. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/allen/basinanalysis.
Expert petroleum geologists David Roberts and Albert Bally bring you Regional Geology and Tectonics: Principles of Geologic Analysis, volume one in a three-volume series covering Phanerozoic regional geology and tectonics. It has been written to provide you with a detailed overview of geologic rift systems, passive margins, and cratonic basins, it features the basic principles necessary to grasping the conceptual approaches to hydrocarbon exploration in a broad range of geological settings globally. - Named a 2013 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication - A "how-to" regional geology primer that provides a detailed overview of tectonics, rift systems, passive margins, and cratonic basins - The principles of regional geological analysis and the main geological and geophysical tools are discussed in detail. - The tectonics of the world are captured and identified in detail through a series of unique geographic maps, allowing quick access to exact tectonic locations. - Serves as the ideal introductory overview and complementary reference to the core concepts of regional geology and tectonics offered in volumes two and three in the series.
This dissertation comprises three chapters focusing on the evolution of marine sedimentary successions that formed as the fill of large submarine channel belts and their tributary systems. These channel belts serve as conduits for gravel- and sand-laden sediment gravity flows along the axes of narrow, elongate foreland basins. In the past, axial channel belts have not been widely recognized in submarine foreland basins (Mutti et al., 2003). However, recent studies have demonstrated the presence of axial channels, 3-8 km in width and > 100 km in length, in a number of marine foredeeps including the Cretaceous Magallanes Basin, southern Chile, and the Tertiary Molasse Basin, northern Austria (De Ruig and Hubbard, 2006; Hubbard et al., 2008, 2009). Additional studies have shown that similar channels are common in submarine trough-shaped basins in other convergent margin settings such as the Peru-Chile trench (Thornburg et al. 1990, Völker et al., 2006), the Hikurangi trough, offshore New Zealand (Lewis and Pantin, 2002), and the Nankai trough, offshore Japan (Fig. 1 in Moore et al., 2007), as well as in modern oceanic rift basins, such as the Maury channel in the Northeast Atlantic Rockall Basin (Cherkis et al., 1973) and the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel (NAMOC) in the Labrador Sea (Hesse et al., 1987, 1990; Hesse, 1989, Klaucke et al., 1998). These occurrences suggest that axial channels may be common sediment transport fairways in elongate deep-water basins in a variety of tectonic settings. This thesis investigates the sedimentary evolution, stratigraphic architecture, and paleogeography of such channel systems in two distinct, yet analogous and complementary research areas: the Magallanes foreland basin in southern Chile, and the Molasse foreland basin in northern Austria. The main objectives of this study are: a)to characterize the processes of submarine sediment transport and deposition in the study areas, b)to explain the associated filling patterns of ancient submarine axial channels and their tributaries, and c)to reconstruct the paleogeography of an ancient seafloor in order to better understand deep-marine sediment dispersal patterns in narrow elongate basins. The Magallanes Basin is a retro-arc foreland basin characterized by a deep-marine filling history from the Cenomanian/ Turonian (Fildani et al., 2003; Fosdick et al., in press) to the Campanian (Chapter 3). The numerous coarse-grained submarine channel and lobe complexes of the Turonian to Campanian Cerro Toro Formation represent a large north-south oriented channel belt that funneled sediment gravity flows along the axis of the foreland basin parallel to the active thrust front (Hubbard et al., 2008). This main axial trunk channel belt was probably fed by at least one, and possibly numerous, tributary channel systems coming off the Andean mountain front to the west. Similarly, sedimentation within the Upper Austrian Molasse Basin during the late Oligocene to early Miocene was largely controlled by an axial trunk channel that was fed by a deltaic system to the west and a tributary system lying along the Inntal fault zone to the southwest (De Ruig and Hubbard, 2006). Three studies were undertaken in order to illuminate the processes and architecture of the fill of submarine foreland basin axial channels: the interaction of submarine debris flows and turbidity currents within the axial channel in the Molasse Basin (Chapter 1), the stratigraphic and architectural evolution of coarse-grained deep-water deposits in a tributary system setting in the Magallanes Basin (Chapter 2), and the paleogeography of the Magallanes Basin axial channel belt and its tributary system and the associated basin-filling pattern over time (Chapter 3). Multiple techniques were combined to achieve these goals, including field mapping, sedimentological analysis of outcrops and rock cores, interpretation of wireline logs and 3D seismic-reflection data, U/Pb dating of zircons, strontium isotope stratigraphy, and a novel approach to lithofacies proportion modeling (Stright et al., 2009).