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This volume is the second in "The Downstate Series of Research in Psychiatry." It is aseries devoted to the presentation of sig nificant research with relevance for both clinicians and researchers in the multiple subfields of psychiatry. This book focuses on the interactions between psychic phenomena and physical processes as studied by evoked brain potentials. It presents material concerned with physiological and psychological unifying processes, as weIl as research concerning technology and methods of obtaining meaningful measurements. As such it is representative of biological psychiatry at its best. Thus, it represents another step in new directions in psychiatric research but not an unanticipated direction. Scientific investigation into the human psyche took an unex pected turn when Sigmund Freud in the last part of the 19th Century turned his attention from neurological concerns to those of psychol ogy. His first attempts at explanations as noted in the "project," included a heavy emphasis on the biological substrate of behavior.
Only quite recently has it become technically possible to record, from elec trodes attached to the scalp, the human brain's electrical responses to sensory stimulation. The core of this book is a critical survey of endeavours to use these electrical responses (called evoked potentials) as tools in attempts to discover the ways in which the brain first processes incoming sensory information and then forms internal representations of features ofthe external world. Buttressed by quantities of undeniably sloppy evoked potential research there are some who would dismiss out of hand the recording of evoked potentials as being comparable to 'holding an oscilloscope probe 6 feet in diameter up to a computer and pronouncing from the resultant waveform on the underlying structure and function'; many would contrast the scientific value of recording the activities of single nerve cells with microelectrodes. However, although it is certainly true that the brain may indeed function in a way which would not be susceptible to the approaches of the evoked potential researcher it might equally well resist the stratagems of the single-cell man. If, for example, the neural correlate of some sensation were the state of some large population of nerve cells, then the present-day researcher who records in great detail the activity of one single cell or of a very few cells would be faced with a major problem in trying to see the forest for the trees.
This book is a testimony to Evgeny Nikolaevich Sokolov's years of work in developing knowledge in the areas of perception, information processing and attention, and to the research it has spawned. It presents a historical account of a research program, leading the reader toward a cognitive science approach to the study of perception and attention. An understanding of neuroscience and mathematical modeling are helpful prerequisites. The co-authors collected data on orienting, attention, and information processing in the brain using single-cell recordings, central, autonomic, cognitive, behavioral, and verbal measures. This commonality brought them together for a series of meetings which resulted in the production of this book. The book ends with a review of some of the co-authors studies that have developed from or in parallel with Sokolov's research. They investigate, in particular, the concepts of attention and anticipation using a psychophysiological methodology.
From August 25 - 28, 1978 a conference on averaged evoked po tentials was held at Konstanz, West Germany. Research on human evoked potentials has progressed rapidly in the past decade, and a series of international conferences have served to maintain com munication between active workers in the field. Among the organiza tions that have a tradition of supporting such mUlti-national com munication are the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Scientific Affairs Division, the u.s. Office of Naval Research and the German Research Society (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). We have been fortunate to have the support of all three. In the early stages of planning, a committee was formed composed of Professors Rudolph Cohen (Konstanz), Otto Creutzfeldt (Goettingen), John Desmedt (Brussels), A.M. Halliday (London), Anthony Remond (Paris) and Herbert Vaughan (New York). A call for papers was circulated as widely as possible, and this committee carried out the difficult task of selecting a limited number of participants from a large number of excellent abstracts. At the same time Professor Cohen of the University of Konstanz was generous enough to shoulder the task of playing host to the conference. His thoughtful arrangements contributed enormously to the comfort of the participants. He and his colleagues also engi neered an ideal ambience for sharing of ideas and observations, while the University of Konstanz generously provided audio-visual support.
This book delineates cerebral mechanisms of attention in humans as they presently appear in the light of data obtained by using various modern brain-research techniques. While the book focuses primarily on the ways humans select environmental information, the selectivity manifest in human thinking, consciousness, and motor behavior is also dealt with in the framework of an expanded attention concept. By combining the most recent evidence from diverse fields of human brain research and relating these physiological data to achievements of modern cognitive psychology, the author has developed an integrative view of human information processing. This theory concentrates on mechanisms of attentional selection and on the automatic processing which provides a basis for the selective processes.
Occupational Neurology a volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series, provides a comprehensive overview of the science, clinical diagnosis, and treatment for neurotoxin related neurological and psychiatric disorders. This timely collection provides not only a complete scientific reference on the chemical origin of this class of neurological and psychiatric disorders, but also a practical guide to diagnosis and treatment challenges and best practices. Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series The first volume of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology under the editorship of George Bruyn and Pierre Vinken was published in 1968. In 1982, the series was brought to an interim conclusion with the publication of the cumulative index volume (Volume 44). By that stage, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. It enjoys a high reputation in specialist media circles throughout the world. After the series was concluded in 1982, it was realized that an update of the material was imperative. Accordingly, a revised series was planned and published over the following years, concluding with the publication of another cumulative index to both series (Volume 76-78) in 2002. Since then, George Bruyn has passed away and Pierre Vinken has retired, but the need for a further new series, incorporating advances in the field, again become necessary. Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller and Dick F. Swaab have with enthusiasm taken on the responsibility of supervising the preparation of a third series, the first volumes of which were published in 2003. Now, more than 130 volumes after the first published, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series continues to have an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest foundational research, diagnosis, and treatment protocols essential for both basic neuroscience research and clinical neurology. Provides comprehensive coverage of neurotoxins, especially in the workplace Details the latest science as the foundation for neurotoxicity diagnosis and treatment Presents coverage of the diagnosis and treatment essential for clinical neurologists and occupational medicine specialists