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"This is a forest measurements textbook written for field technicians. Silvicultural applications and illustrations are provided to demonstrate the relevance of the measurements. Special “technique tips” for each skill are intended to help increase data collection accuracy and confidence. These include how to avoid common pitfalls, effective short cuts, and essentials for recording field data correctly. The emphasis is on elementary skills; it is not intended to be a timber cruising guide"--BC Campus website.
A knowledge of forest site and forest productivity variables is fundamental to sound forest practice everywhere. The ability to identify sites and site problems correctly and manipulate productivity variables for maintenance or improvement of productivity is the basis of modern forest management. Although the basic facts regarding forest site and productivity apply throughout the world, the application of information and the response to manipulation vary greatly and depend on local forest conditions. The September 1981 World Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) in Kyoto, Japan was the occasion for the special meeting on Forest Site and Productivity sponsored by the IUFRO Site Group Sl.02. This meeting brought together forest site and productivity researchers from across the world to review current thought and the state of site research. Information not ordinarily available in one place was presented at this meeting. As organizer of the session, I decided to attempt to publish the papers in one volume. Arrangements were made with a publisher, Martinus Nijhoff, and also with the authors. The process of publication has taken longer than desirable, but the volume does appear at an opportune time coincident with the 1986 IUFRO World Congress in Yugoslavia. Material contained in this publication will set the stage for Site Group discussions at the 1986 meeting. This volume assembles the thought of forest research workers from many different countries and therefore many different kinds of forests.
The International Energy Agency Bioenergy Agreement was initiated as the Forestry Energy Agreement in 1978. It was expanded in 1986 to form the Bioenergy Agreement. Since that time the Agreement has thrived with some fifteen countries (Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States and the CEC) currently being signatories. The objective of the Agreement is to establish increased programme and project cooperation between the participants in the field of bioenergy. The environmental consequences of intensive forest harvesting have been the subject of intense interest for the Agreement from its initiation. This interest was formulated as a Cooperative Project under the Forestry Energy Agreement in 1984. It developed further under each of the subsequent three-year Tasks of the Bioenergy Agreement (Task III, Activity 3 "Nutritional consequences of intensive forest harvesting on site productivity", Task VI, Activity 6 "Environmental impacts of harvesting" and more recently Task IX, Activity 4 "Environmental impacts of intensive harvesting". The work has been supported by five main countries from within the Bioenergy Agreement: Canada, New Zealand, Sweden, UK, and USA. The continued work has resulted in a significant network of scientists work ing together towards a common objective - that of generating a better under standing of the processes involved in nutrient cycling and the development of management regimes which will maintain or enhance long term site productivity.
A knowledge of forest site and forest productivity variables is fundamental to sound forest practice everywhere. The ability to identify sites and site problems correctly and manipulate productivity variables for maintenance or improvement of productivity is the basis of modern forest management. Although the basic facts regarding forest site and productivity apply throughout the world, the application of information and the response to manipulation vary greatly and depend on local forest conditions. The September 1981 World Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) in Kyoto, Japan was the occasion for the special meeting on Forest Site and Productivity sponsored by the IUFRO Site Group Sl.02. This meeting brought together forest site and productivity researchers from across the world to review current thought and the state of site research. Information not ordinarily available in one place was presented at this meeting. As organizer of the session, I decided to attempt to publish the papers in one volume. Arrangements were made with a publisher, Martinus Nijhoff, and also with the authors. The process of publication has taken longer than desirable, but the volume does appear at an opportune time coincident with the 1986 IUFRO World Congress in Yugoslavia. Material contained in this publication will set the stage for Site Group discussions at the 1986 meeting. This volume assembles the thought of forest research workers from many different countries and therefore many different kinds of forests.
Forest inventories throughout the world have evolved gradually over time. The content as well as the concepts and de?nitions employed are constantly adapted to the users’ needs. Advanced inventory systems have been established in many countries within Europe, as well as outside Europe, as a result of development work spanning several decades, in some cases more than 100 years. With continuously increasing international agreements and commitments, the need for information has also grown drastically, and reporting requests have become more frequent and the content of the reports wider. Some of the agreements made at the international level have direct impacts on national economies and international decisions, e. g. , the Kyoto Protocol. Thus it is of utmost importance that the forest information supplied is collected and analysed using sound scienti?c principles and that the information from different countries is comparable. European National Forest Inventory (NFI) teams gathered in Vienna in 2003 to discuss the new challenges and the measures needed to get data users to take full advantage of existing NFIs. As a result, the European National Forest Inventory Network (ENFIN), a network of NFIs, was established. The ENFIN members decided to apply for funding for meetings and collaborative activities. COST– European Cooperation in Science and Technology - provided the necessary ?n- cial means for the realization of the program.
The European Forest Institute (EFI) has five Research and Development priority ar eas: forest sustainability, forestry and possible climate change, structural changes in markets for forest products and services, policy analysis, and forest sector informa tion services and research methodology. In the area of forest sustainability our most important activity has been the project "Growth trends of European forests", the re sults of which are presented in this book. The project was started in August 1993 under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Heinrich Spiecker from the University of Freiburg, Germany, and it is one of the first EFI's research projects after its establishment in 1993. The main purpose of the project was to analyse whether site productivity has changed in European forests during the last decades. While several forest growth studies have been published at local, re gional and national levels, this project has aimed at stimulating a joint effort in iden tifying and quantifying possible growth trends and their spatial and temporal extent at the European level. Debate on forest decline and possible climate change, as well as considerations re lated to the long term supply of wood underline the importance of this project, both from environmental and industrial points of view. Knowledge on possible changes in growth trends is vital for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.
The book presents the current state and good practices of national forest inventories in monitoring wood resources and demonstrates pathways for harmonisation and improved common reporting. Beyond a general overview over availability and use of wood resources in different countries, it provides a unique collection of original contributions from national forest inventory experts with in-depth descriptions of current NFI methods in assessing wood availability and wood use in European countries, and selected countries from America and Asia.The main topics are national definitions and improvements in common reporting of forests available for wood supply, stem quality and assortments, estimation of change including growth and drain, and tree resources outside forest land. The book is a must-have for everyone who is contributing to national forest inventories either methodologically or operatively, for people who want or need to understand national forest inventory provided data and information on the availability of wood resources. By providing profound knowledge it is a valuable basis for scientists involved in scenario modelling and analysing effects of climate change, as well as individuals in private organisations and public administrations promoting the sustainable use of natural resources and the potential of green economy.