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The Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are high speed sensing devices which can measure changes in voltage, current, frequency, and rate of change of frequency in the power grid. The measurement accuracy and performance of the PMU mainly depends on their internal instrumentation and estimation algorithms. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a concise reference for instrumentation inside the PMU and evaluate some of the widely accepted estimation algorithms, in light if the recent IEEE standards on synchrophasor measurement. There are two classes of PMUs, (i) P-Class and (ii) M-Class, depending on their primary utility of action in operations. We discuss the implementation of different P & M class estimation algorithms and present a comparative performance assessment. We also evaluate the dynamic performance of PMU estimation algorithms in presence of grid disturbances, specifically faults. At the end, the thesis discusses the challenges in phasor and frequency estimation, recommends the most appropriate techniques and summarizes future work.
Comprehensive, cross-disciplinary coverage of Smart Grid issues from global expert researchers and practitioners. This definitive reference meets the need for a large scale, high quality work reference in Smart Grid engineering which is pivotal in the development of a low-carbon energy infrastructure. Including a total of 83 articles across 3 volumes The Smart Grid Handbook is organized in to 6 sections: Vision and Drivers, Transmission, Distribution, Smart Meters and Customers, Information and Communications Technology, and Socio-Economic Issues. Key features: Written by a team representing smart grid R&D, technology deployment, standards, industry practice, and socio-economic aspects. Vision and Drivers covers the vision, definitions, evolution, and global development of the smart grid as well as new technologies and standards. The Transmission section discusses industry practice, operational experience, standards, cyber security, and grid codes. The Distribution section introduces distribution systems and the system configurations in different countries and different load areas served by the grid. The Smart Meters and Customers section assesses how smart meters enable the customers to interact with the power grid. Socio-economic issues and information and communications technology requirements are covered in dedicated articles.The Smart Grid Handbook will meet the need for a high quality reference work to support advanced study and research in the field of electrical power generation, transmission and distribution. It will be an essential reference for regulators and government officials, testing laboratories and certification organizations, and engineers and researchers in Smart Grid-related industries.
The world-wide application of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) brings great benefit to power system state estimation. The synchronised measurements from PMUs can increase estimation accuracy, synchronise states among different systems, and provide greater applicability of state estimation in the transient condition. However, the integration of synchronised measurements with state estimation can introduce efficiency problems due to the substantial burden of data. The research is divided into two parts: finding a solution to cope with the computational efficiency problem and developing a transient state estimation algorithm based on synchronised measurements from PMUs. The computational efficiency problems constitute important considerations in the operation of state estimation. To improve the low computational efficiency, two distributed algorithms are proposed in Chapters 4 and 5. In these two algorithms, the modelling, structure, and solution are described, and the corresponding procedures of bad data processing are presented. Numerical results on the IEEE 30-bus, 118-bus and 300-bus systems can verify the effectiveness of the two proposed algorithms. A novel transient state estimation algorithm based on synchronised measurements is proposed in Chapter 6. Considering the scanning cycle and sampling rate of PMU measurements, the proposed algorithm can estimate transient states in a practical way. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in a transient simulation on the IEEE 14-bus system.
Smart grid (SG), also called intelligent grid, is a modern improvement of the traditional power grid that will revolutionize the way electricity is produced, delivered, and consumed. Studying key concepts such as advanced metering infrastructure, distribution management systems, and energy management systems will support the design of a cost-effective, reliable, and efficient supply system, and will create a real-time bidirectional communication means and information exchange between the consumer and the grid operator of electric power. Optimizing and Measuring Smart Grid Operation and Control is a critical reference source that presents recent research on the operation, control, and optimization of smart grids. Covering topics that include phase measurement units, smart metering, and synchrophasor technologies, this book examines all aspects of modern smart grid measurement and control. It is designed for engineers, researchers, academicians, and students.
The topic of project management is truly an evolution of art seeking science. This activity involves balancing project objectives against the constraints of time, budget, and quality. Achieving this balance requires skill, experience, along with the use of many tools, and techniques which are the focus of this book. This new edition provides updated content to incorporate examples from Microsoft Project 2016 and material from the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), sixth edition. The chapter structure includes step-by-step instructions regarding the basic mechanics and various software tools that can be used to assist in the processes. To reinforce the textbook’s learning objectives, extra material is provided on the textbook website. This includes mechanical tool examples and lab assignments representative of the chapter topics. An external video tutorial library is available to help with various mechanics related to Microsoft Project mechanics. An instructor manual is available for qualifying adoptions for classroom use. NOTE: Chapter 26 is not in the textbook and is only located in the book's Downloads tab on the CRCPress.com website. Features Illustrates the use of Microsoft Project throughout the project life cycle Offers templates as productivity enhancement tools Includes supplemental material for students and instructors Provides assignments for hands-on experience Follows the PMI PMBOK ® Guide model structure that will support a better understanding of the model and help prepare students for PMP and CAPM certification Illustrates both traditional and contemporary management techniques
Updated to reflect the Project Management Institute’s (PMI’s) Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), Fifth Edition, the new edition of this bestselling textbook continues to provide a practical and up-to-date overview of project management theory. Project Management Theory and Practice, Second Edition explains project management theory using language that is easy to understand. The book integrates the organizational environment that surrounds a project to supply the well-rounded knowledge of theories, organizational issues, and human behavior needed to manage real-world projects effectively. This edition includes a new chapter on Stakeholder Management, which is a new knowledge area covered in the new PMBOK® Guide. It also provides updated references and a new streamlined organization of chapters. There are several project-related model frameworks sponsored by PMI®, and many of these are covered in this text. Specifically, the book details: Work breakdown structures (WBS) Earned value management (EVM) Enterprise project management (EPMO) Portfolio management (PPM) Professional responsibility and ethics For many of the major sections, the PMI Global Accreditation curriculum learning objectives have been adapted with permission of PMI and used to guide the content. Filled with end-of-chapter questions, scheduling and budgeting problems, and scoping projects, this text is ideal for classroom use and essential reading for anyone seeking project management certification. The book also includes sample empirically oriented worksheets that demonstrate various management decision and analysis-oriented tools.
Project Management: Theory and Practice, Third Edition gives students a broad and real flavor of project management. Bringing project management to life, it avoids being too sterilely academic and too narrowly focused on a particular industry view. It takes a model-based approach towards project management commonly used in all industries. The textbook aligns with the latest version of the Project Management Institute’s Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide, which is considered to be the de facto standard for project management. However, it avoids that standard’s verbiage and presents students with readable and understandable explanations. Core chapters align with the Project Management Institute’s model as well as explain how this model fits real-world projects. The textbook can be used as companion to the standard technical model and help those studying for various project management certifications. The textbook takes an in-depth look at the following areas important to the standard model: Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) Earned Value Management (EVM) Enterprise project management Portfolio management (PPM) Professional responsibility and ethics Agile life cycle The text begins with a background section (Chapters 1–9) containing material outside of the standard model structure but necessary to prepare students for the 10 standard model knowledge areas covered in the chapters that follow. The text is rounded out by eight concluding chapters that explain advanced planning approaches models and projects’ external environments. Recognizing that project management is an evolving field, the textbook includes section written by industry experts who share their insight and expertise on cutting-edge topics. It prepares students for upcoming trends and changes in project management while providing an overview of the project management environment today. In addition to guiding students through current models and standards, Project Management: Theory and Practice, Third Edition prepares students for the future by stimulating their thinking beyond the accepted pragmatic view.
An analysis of power systems, control hardware, modelling and simulation, instrumentation, and computers and distributed systems. The stability of plants and their interaction in a multi-machine system is also discussed, as well as an analysis of the values of LOFT ATWS EVENT for PWR and the new algorithm of on-line ELD for thermal power plants.
A guide to the role of static state estimation in the mitigation of potential system failures With contributions from a noted panel of experts on the topic, Advances in Electric Power and Energy: Static State Estimation addresses the wide-range of issues concerning static state estimation as a main energy control function and major tool for evaluating prevailing operating conditions in electric power systems worldwide. This book is an essential guide for system operators who must be fully aware of potential threats to the integrity of their own and neighboring systems. The contributors provide an overview of the topic and review common threats such as cascading black-outs to model-based anomaly detection to the operation of micro-grids and much more. The book also includes a discussion of an effective mathematical programming approach to state estimation in power systems. Advances in Electric Power and Energy reviews the most recent developments in the field and: Offers an introduction to the topic to help non-experts (and professionals) get up-to-date on static state estimation Covers the essential information needed to understand power system state estimation written by experts on the subject Discusses a mathematical programming approach Written for electric power system planners, operators, consultants, power system software developers, and academics, Advances in Electric Power and Energy is the authoritative guide to the topic with contributions from experts who review the most recent developments.