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A single source of information for researchers and professionals, Traffic Simulation and Data: Validation Methods and Applications offers a complete overview of traffic data collection, state estimation, calibration and validation for traffic modelling and simulation. It derives from the Multitude Project-a European Cost Action project that incorpo
This monograph presents a simple, innovative approach for the measurement and short-term prediction of highway travel times based on the fusion of inductive loop detector and toll ticket data. The methodology is generic and not technologically captive, allowing it to be easily generalized for other equivalent types of data. The book shows how Bayesian analysis can be used to obtain fused estimates that are more reliable than the original inputs, overcoming some of the drawbacks of travel-time estimations based on unique data sources. The developed methodology adds value and obtains the maximum (in terms of travel time estimation) from the available data, without recurrent and costly requirements for additional data. The application of the algorithms to empirical testing in the AP-7 toll highway in Barcelona proves that it is possible to develop an accurate real-time, travel-time information system on closed-toll highways with the existing surveillance equipment, suggesting that highway operators might provide their customers with such an added value with little additional investment in technology.
This project prototyped and demonstrated procedures to find and mitigate loop detector errors, and to derive more valuable data from loops. Specifically, methods were developed to find and isolate out loop data which is "bad" or invalid, so that mitigation means, or "fixes" can be implemented. Methods of extracting very accurate speed (+/- 3mph) and vehicle length data (+/- 1meter) from single loop stations were demonstrated to be much more accurate than current Caltrans practice. The validity of these methods were statistically proven using hundreds of thousands of vehicles. Additionally, more accurate and reliable methods of detecting the onset of both recurring or "incident" based congestion were demonstrated. These methods require access to the unprocessed loop detector card data. This unprocessed data can be acquired from the Log170 program, third party loop readers like the Infotek Wizard, or DRI's ubiquitous "C1 reader". DRI intends to implement many of these methodologies in the C1 reader client software, Videosync.
Most vehicle detection today relies on inductive loop detectors (ILDs). However, problems with installation and maintenance of these detectors have necessitated evaluation of alternative detection systems. Replacing ILDs with better detectors requires a thorough evaluation of the alternatives. This evaluation included examination of the functional quality, reliability, and cost of these technologies as well as development of recommendations for application. Primary detection technologies included in this study are video image detection systems (VIDS), passive infrared, active infrared, passive magnetic, radar, Doppler microwave, passive acoustic, and ILDs. Results of new detector testing clearly indicate promising alternatives to ILDs, but the limitations of these new detectors must also be accepted. Researchers found that some technologies performed quite well while, in some cases, offering features that are more flexible than ILDs. These technologies include VIDS, passive infrared, active infrared, radar, Doppler microwave, and pulse ultrasonic.
This volume presents a collection of papers presented at the 14th International Symposium of Robotic Research (ISRR). ISRR is the biennial meeting of the International Foundation of Robotic Research (IFRR) and its 14th edition took place in Lucerne, Switzerland, from August 31st to September 3rd, 2009. As for the previous symposia, ISRR 2009 followed up on the successful concept of a mixture of invited contributions and open submissions. Half of the 48 presentations were therefore invited contributions from outstanding researchers selected by the IFRR officers, and half were chosen among the 66 submissions after peer review. This selection process resulted in a truly excellent technical program which, we believe, featured some of the very best of robotic research. Out of the 48 presentations, the 42 papers which were finally submitted for publication are organized in 8 sections that encompass the major research orientations in robotics: Navigation, Control & Planning, Human-Robot Interaction, Manipulation and Humanoids, Learning, Mapping, Multi-Robot Systems, and Micro-Robotics. They represent an excellent snapshot of cutting-edge research in robotics and outline future directions.