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This synthesis will be of interest to pavement designers, construction engineers, maintenance engineers, and others interested in avoiding or limiting moisture damage in asphalt concrete. Information is provided on physical and chemical explanations for moisture damage in asphalt concrete, along with a discussion of current practices and test methods for determining or reducing the susceptibility of various asphalt concrete components and mixtures to such damage. Moisture damage in asphalt concrete is a nationwide problem which often necessitates premature replacement of highway pavement surfaces. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the underlying physical and chemical phenomena responsible for such damage. Current test methods used to determine the susceptibility of asphalt concretes, or their constituents, to moisture damage are described and evaluated. Additionally, current practices for minimizing the potential for moisture damage are examined.
Indirect Tensile Strength Tester is used to evaluate a mixture's moisture sensitivity. The evaluation of moisture sensitivity is performed by measuring the indirect tensile strength values of both conditioned and unconditioned mixture. For conditioning, a mixture sample is subjected to saturation and immersion in a heated water bath to simulate field conditions over time. Strength loss is then evaluated by comparing indirect tensile strengths of an unconditioned control group to those of the conditioned samples. The ratio of indirect tensile strength values of conditioned mixture to indirect tensile strength values of unconditioned mixture is termed as Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR). If the average retained strength of the conditioned group is less than eighty-five percent of the control group strength, the mix is determined to be moisture susceptible. This indicates that the combination of asphalt and aggregate would fail prematurely due to water damage. An exclusive dependency on the TSR values may be misleading in many cases. The individual values of tensile strength of conditioned and unconditioned mixture specimens in conjunction with TSR values should be employed in assessing the effect of water damage on the performance of pavements. In order to achieve this objective, the fatigue and rutting performance of both conditioned and unconditioned mixture specimens were evaluated with the aid of SUPERPAVE Shear Tester (SST) tests. The Castle Hayne mixture that was determined to be the lowest moisture susceptible from the TSR results showed the lowest % decrease in mixture performance (fatigue and rutting) of conditioned mix when compared to its unconditioned Castle Hayne mix. The Fountain mixture that was determined to be the highest moisture susceptible from the TSR results showed the highest % decrease in mixture performance of conditioned mix when compared to its unconditioned Fountain mix. The methodology of development of pay adjustment factors is suggested base.
Structural Behavior of Asphalt Pavements provides engineers and researchers with a detailed guide to the structural behavioral dynamics of asphalt pavement including: pavement temperature distribution, mechanistic response of pavement structure under the application of heavy vehicles, distress mechanism of pavement, and pavement deterioration performance and dynamic equations. An authoritative guide for understanding the key mechanisms for creating longer lasting pavements, Structural Behavior of Asphalt Pavements describes the intrinsic consistency between macroscopic performance and microscopic response, structure and material, as well as global and local performances, and demonstrates the process of pavement analyses and designs, approaching science from empirical analyses. - Analyzes the external and internal factors influencing pavement temperature field, and provide a review of existing pavement temperature prediction models - Introduces a "Bridge Principle through which pavement performance and fatigue properties are consolidated - Defines the intrinsic consistency between macroscopic performance and microscopic response, structure and material, as well as global and local performance - Summaries the mechanistic response of pavement structure under the application of heavy vehicle, distress mechanism of pavement, pavement deterioration performance and dynamic equations, and life cycle analysis of pavement
The freeze thaw stress pedestal test, the boil test and the indirect tensile test were evaluated for assessing the stripping potential of typical Alabama asphalt concrete mixes and the effectiveness of antistripping additives. This was accomplished by testing surface and base/ binder mixes with five aggregate combinations, two sources of asphalt cement and three antistripping additives. Because of the test complexity and lack of a strong correlation with stripping performance, the freeze thaw stress pedestal test is not recommended. The boil and indirect tensile tests, in combination, offer a viable, although, imperfect, system for stripping evaluation. The lack of a strong correlation with reported field performance detracts from both tests. However, the imprecise and subjective nature of the reported performance and the correlations obtained by others are mitigating factors.