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Retaining qualified teachers in America’s schools is one of the nation’s challenges in education. Current research revealed teacher turnover had risen to 16.9% nationally, which equates to 2.7 million teachers, including 2.1 million who left the profession before retirement. In order to make a positive change in teacher retention, teacher perceptions of needs that lead to job satisfaction needed to be investigated. This mixed-method study investigated the identifiable or perceived factors that influence the retention of secondary teachers in a rural southeastern North Carolina district. The data for this study were collected during the spring semester of the 2016-2017 school year. All of the schools were asked to participate in a focus group interview that was recorded and transcribed. The lack of qualified education teachers threatens the quality of the education students will receive. Attrition plays a part in the teacher shortage problem, and efforts to improve retention must be informed by an understanding of the factors that contribute to attrition. The top four areas of dissatisfaction in this study were administrative support, salary, collegial support, and a sense or mission to teach. Other findings were that this study supported previous research that teacher values about satisfaction have changed a little in 30 years that they are largely independent of teacher demographics, and that satisfaction/dissatisfaction levels are directly related to teacher intent or wish to leave the teaching profession and their current positions. Overall, the study suggested that education administrators should be concerned about teacher dissatisfaction and its effects on retention of capable and motivated teachers and that teachers will reveal their issues if given a safe forum for doing so.
World Teacher’s Day is an annual celebration of teachers around the globe. Since 1994, October 5th has commemorated the 1966 ILO/UNESCO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers, which set benchmarks for the rights and responsibilities of teachers as well as their preparation, recruitment, working conditions, and continued professional learning. In 1997, the Recommendation concerning the Status of Higher-Education Teaching Personnel was adopted to complement the 1966 Recommendation. The 2021 celebration of World Teachers’ Day is co-convened by UNESCO in partnership with Education International (EI), the International Labor Organization (ILO), and UNICEF. Around the concept of “Teachers at the heart of education recovery,” the global event addresses the central role of teachers, teachers’ contributions to cultural, social, and economic life in all societies, as well as the support teachers need to contribute to (re)constructing education in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2004-2005, North Carolina's average teacher turnover rate was nearly 13 percent, ranging from a high of 29 percent to a low of 4 percent. Turnover among teachers in low-performing schools was substantially higher, with a low of 12 percent and a high of 57 percent. North Carolina has put strategies in place to address teacher retention but how will these strategies impact retention at low-performing schools? This research update summarizes three studies that address issues related to teacher retention. One study examined North Carolina's use of an annual bonus to certified math, science and special education teachers working in high poverty or academically failing public secondary schools. The study found that: (1) The bonus payment was sufficient to reduce mean turnover rates of the targeted teachers by 12 percent; (2) Responses to the program were concentrated among experienced teachers; and (3) In 2003-04, 17 percent of principals in schools with the program did not know their schools had ever been eligible and 13 percent of teachers receiving the program that year did not know they were eligible. Implications of the study indicate that: (1) Supplemental pay may be a promising approach to retaining teachers in hard to staff subjects and schools; and (2) Greater efforts must be made to promote such programs. A second study examined 272 hard-to-staff schools and found that: (1) Minority, disadvantaged, and academically struggling students are more likely to be in hard-to-staff schools and less likely to have experienced, effective teachers; (2) In 2000-01, in hard-to-staff schools, 71 percent of students performed at grade level on End of Grade or End of Course tests, compared with 80 percent of students in other schools; (3) In hard-to-staff schools, 62 percent of the students are ethnic minorities, compared to 39 percent of the students in other schools; (4) In hard-to-staff schools, 47 percent of students were eligible for free/reduced price lunch compared to 35 percent of those in other schools; (5) Forty-two percent of hard-to-staff schools are middle schools, while only 18 percent of other schools are middle schools; and (6) Teachers in hard-to-staff schools are less satisfied with every aspect of the school environment than their peers. These findings indicate that: (1) Addressing working conditions will be essential to reducing teacher turnover; and (2) Efforts to reduce teacher turnover should target conditions in hard-to-staff schools. A literature review of teacher retention, including both quantitative and qualitative studies found: (1) The issue of retaining teachers is one of retaining quality teachers who positively influence student learning, not just retaining all teachers; (2) Teachers who feel effective with their students are more likely to stay; (3) Teachers in collaborative, collegial environments are more likely to stay; (4) Increased pay is positively associated with retention; (5) Turnover is highest among high poverty, high minority schools; (6) Teachers entering the classroom through Alternative Certification Programs are more likely to leave the classroom; (7) Teachers teaching out-of-field and teaching courses requiring many different preps have lower job satisfaction; (8) Late hiring and lack of information in the hiring process can negatively influence retention; and (9) Poor facilities are associated with increased turnover. The review concludes that many factors contribute to increasing teacher retention, so single-pronged approaches will have much less chance of success. [This report was produced by SERVE Center at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro and the North Carolina Education Research Data Center at the Center for Child and Family Policy.].
The purpose of this study was to examine the variables that contributes to high teacher turnover rate in one Southeastern rural school district. The study used the Gap Analysis for Problem-solving, Planning, and School Improvement (GAPPSI) method approach to improve the current state of the problem by determining if there were common variables contributing to the high rate of teacher turnover. Participants responded to a survey based on a five-point scale with a mid-point or neutral selection choice. Furthermore, the study included interviews with participants who were currently employed or had been previous employed in the study school district. Two study questions guided this study. First, what factors contributed to teachers leaving the study school district, and the second, what factors contributed to teachers staying in the study school district? The findings of the data collected did not note any trends or a single variable that contributed to teachers' decisions to leave the study school district. However, having a more precise perspective and understanding of the problem will help the study school district in addressing its teacher retention efforts and decreasing its teacher turnover rate.
Identifying the importance of job satisfaction in the life and career of teachers, a study was undertaken to identify the job satisfaction of secondary school teachers. The secondary school teachers are with good job satisfaction. There is no significant influence of age, sex, experience, qualifications, teaching subjects location of the school, and type of management on the status of job satisfaction of teachers. This book will be of much use to the people who wish to know about job satisfaction and its correlates.
The public school systems in the United States are facing a major teacher shortage in the near future due to the fact that teachers are leaving the profession by the thousands each year. It is imperative that this trend is stopped and reversed to ensure that quality teachers remain in schools. The current study employed a causal-comparative design to determine if working conditions in Title I schools versus non-Title I schools were associated with teacher job satisfaction and teacher retention using the North Carolina Teacher Working Conditions (NC TWC) Survey. The qualifications of the selected participants were that they were employed in a specific district in North-Central North Carolina during the 2015-2016 school year, and taught in two specific Title I or two specific non-Title I elementary schools. Participants were drawn from a convenience sample of teachers (n= 110) in two Title I elementary schools and two non-Title I elementary schools and were randomly selected from that sample for job satisfaction, and fifty Title I elementary schools and fifty non-Title I elementary schools (n=100) for teacher turnover rate. The data were analyzed using a t-test for independent means to determine whether the means of the two groups were statistically significant from one another in job satisfaction and a chi-square test to determine whether teacher turnover rate was distributed differently between the Title I schools and non-Title I schools. No significant difference was found in any subcategory for job satisfaction and no significant difference was found in teacher retention. Recommendations for future research include utilizing a larger number of schools and districts in the sample and examining all subcategories of the NC TWC Survey. The results of this study may influence the steps that school systems can take to retain quality teachers.
This study analyzes the factors affecting job satisfaction and teacher retention of elementary and secondary teacher in rural Northwest Missouri. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors most affect job satisfaction and a teacher's decision to stay within the district or the profession. A survey was developed that contained ten questions using a Likert Scale response system. The survey was given at the beginning of the school year (September) and again at the end of the school year (April) to make a pre and post comparison of teacher responses. The data were collected and analyzed using the survey and the Chi Square test of significance was used to determine the significance of the Alpha Level. A circle graph was created for each question on the pre and post survey results to display participant responses.
Retaining quality teachers is a global challenge for schools, particularly those in rural districts. Trapped in a revolving door of teacher hiring and replacement, these schools drain their districts of funds that could be better spent to improve teaching quality and student achievement. These high attrition rates result in inexperienced teachers, high economic costs as teachers must be continually hired and trained, and a lack of continuity that makes institutional development and planning difficult. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine factors that influence rural high school teachers' intent to leave teaching at their current school and to determine the factors influencing retention in their current rural high school. The study sites were five rural districts located near a big metropolitan city in Southeast Texas. An electronic survey was sent to 260 rural high school teachers in grades 9-12, who were purposively selected. All teachers had a minimum of six months teaching experience. Teacher perceptions were analyzed as possible indicators of teacher attrition in order to improve retention rate. The results from 176 respondents suggest that teacher job satisfaction significantly predicted teacher retention. Further analysis showed that teachers perceived administrator support as the most important factor in determining their decisions to stay followed by school climate and workplace conditions. Analysis based on percentages also indicated several factors that teachers perceived as reasons that caused their colleagues to leave. The top three reasons were better salary, accepting a teaching position in another school, and dissatisfaction with their jobs.
My district in North Carolina is one of many across the country impacted by a shortage of teachers caused by attrition and fewer people entering the profession. Educational leaders must increase teacher retention to sufficiently staff their schools. Data on teacher turnover is largely based on surveys completed by exiting teachers. This study gathers perspectives from the teachers who stay, to better understand what has kept them in the profession. This approach proactively identified strategies to improve teacher job satisfaction to increase the number of teachers who remain at their current school. Q Methodology was used to determine the factors that are most important for job satisfaction to teachers at a comprehensive high school in central North Carolina. Two distinct factor groups emerged from the data: Monarchy High School, named due to the significance of site-based school leadership and Federation High School where collegial relationships with peers were central to remaining in the profession. Post-sort interviews provided insight to why teachers hold their beliefs. The findings of this study can be used by school leaders to develop a better understanding of how to intentionally design supportive working environments to increase teacher retention.