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EurSafe2024 Back to the future: Sustainable innovations for ethical food production and consumption
This book investigates how fish experience their lives, their amazing senses and abilities, and how human actions impact their quality of life. The authors examine the concept of fish welfare and the scientific knowledge behind the inclusion of fish within the moral circle, and how this knowledge can change the way we treat fish in the future. In many countries fish are already protected by animal welfare legislation in the same way as mammals, but in practice there is still a major gap between how we ethically view these groups and how we actually treat them. The poor treatment of fish represents a massive animal welfare problem in aquaculture and fisheries, both in terms of the number of animals affected and the severity of the welfare issues. Thanks to its interdisciplinary scope, this thought-provoking book appeals to professionals, academics and students in the fields of animal welfare, cognition and physiology, as well as fisheries and aquaculture management.
Fish have the same stress response and powers of nociception as mammals. Their behavioural responses to a variety of situations suggest a considerable ability for higher level neural processing – a level of consciousness equivalent perhaps to that attributed to mammals. Each chapter of this book has been written by specialists in their field. The subject matter is wide ranging and covers in detail concepts of animal welfare in addition to more specific aspects of fish welfare. Philosophical concepts of welfare are discussed along with more practical areas of fish welfare encompassing all husbandry and management activities that have a potential to affect the welfare of the fish in our care. This book is an essential purchase for fish veterinarians, fish farmers, fish biologists and those involved in the aquaculture industry and its regulation.
AFURAKA/AFURAITKAIT - The Origin of the term 'Africa' Numerous scholars over the centuries have attempted to delineate the etymological origins of the name Africa. However, they have failed because of a lack of understanding of Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestral Religion, cosmology and culture. Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan is the first to elucidate and publish the actual etymological origins of the name Africa demonstrating the name to be derived linguistically and cosmologically from Afuraka/Afuraitkait – the original male and female aspects of the name. This includes showing the actual term written by our Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestresses and Ancestors in the medutu (hieroglyphs) of Ancient Kamit (Ancient Egypt) – a discovery which heretofore had never been accomplished. Afuraka/Afuraitkait is an indigenous designation for the continent first propounded by Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) prior to the existence of any other people on Earth. The myths put forward by eurasians seeking to locate the origins of the name Africa outside of the continent of Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) and in the greek, latin, sanskrit, arabic, phoenician and other languages, have been shown in this article series to be a deliberate attempt by the non-Afurakanu/non-Afuraitkaitnut (non-Africans/non-Blacks) to misinform Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) and dispossess us of our heritage and culture. This is nothing new. We have been and will continue to be at war - culturally, intellectually, spiritually and physically - with the whites and their offspring, their culture and their pseudo-religions (inclusive of all forms of christianity, islam, judaism/hebrewism, hinduism, buddhism, taoism, pseudo-esotericism, etc.) until the whites and their offspring no longer exist in the world. We will always meet the challenge and will emerge triumphant on every level. The proper etymology of the term Africa was first given to us in the 12990s (1990s) by our Nananom Nsamanfo – Akan term for our Honored or Spiritually Cultivated Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestresses and Ancestors. It was our Nananom Nsamanfo who would also lead us to the tangible evidence supporting the etymological origins of the term in the languages, cultures and ritual practices of Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) – inclusive of Ancient Khanit and Kamit (Nubia and Egypt). We would subsequently release our publication: KUKUU-TUNTUM The Ancestral Jurisdiction in 13002 (2002), wherein we defined the term Afuraka/Afuraitkait and its cosmological roots in the first section. The release of our article series in 13007-13008 was designed to provide a more detailed analysis of the nature and function of the name Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) as it applies to Black People – and Black People only – and to expose the misinformation which continues to be propagated deliberately by the whites and their offspring, as well as by misinformed Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African~Black) scholars, teachers, authors, etc. This four-part series is the first volume of a greater series. There are numerous manifestations of the term and name Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) all over the continent and in the places we traveled after having migrated away from the continent thousands of years ago for the first time in our trustory. This is an attestation to the ancient spiritual roots of the name Afuraka/Afuraitkait. The information can and will fill many volumes. This is a never-ending project. ©Copyright by Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan, 13007, 13008, 13011, 13014 (2007, 2008, 2011, 2014). All rights reserved. www.odwirafo.com
The UN's Sustainable Development Goals saw the global community agree to end hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. However, the number of chronically undernourished people is increasing continuously. Ongoing climate change and the action needed to adapt to it are very likely to aggravate this situation by limiting agricultural land and water resources and changing environmental conditions for food production. Climate change and the actions it requires raise questions of justice, especially regarding food security. These key concerns of ethics and justice for food security due to climate change challenges are the focus of this book, which brings together work by scholars from a wide range of disciplines and a multitude of perspectives. These experts discuss the challenges to food security posed by mitigation, geoengineering, and adaptation measures that tackle the impacts of climate change. Others address the consequences of a changing climate for agriculture and food production and how the Covid-19 pandemic has affected food security and animal welfare.
Beckett's novel Molloy and the question how this work evokes a particular kind of feeling associated with its exhibition of meaninglessness, namely the feeling of the sublime, is the point of departure for this study. Kant's theory of the sublime is interpreted within the framework of his aesthetic and moral theories, suggesting a way to understand the claim to universal validity for aesthetic judgements. Kant claims that the judgement of the sublime serves morality but he fails to provide this link, so a theory of how this aesthetic judgement can contribute to the cultivation of moral character is developed. It is argued that Kant held that art, including narrative art like the novel, can be sublime. Kant's theory of the sublime is shown to be relevant for modern works of art, and the application of this Kantian framework throws new light on the discussion of the moral aspects of Beckett's literary work. According to this account, Molloy is a sublime work of art, and despite its amoral content can serve the reader's moral cultivation.
In Conscience in Reproductive Health Care, Carolyn McLeod responds to a growing worldwide trend of health care professionals conscientiously refusing to provide abortions and similar reproductive health services in countries where these services are legal and professionally accepted. She argues that conscientious objectors in health care should have to prioritize the interests of patients in receiving care over their own interest in acting on their conscience. McLeod defends this 'prioritizing approach' to conscientious objection over the more popular 'compromise approach' in bioethics--without downplaying the importance of health care professionals having a conscience or the moral complexity of their conscientious refusals. She begins with a description of what is at stake for the main parties to the conflicts generated by conscientious refusals in reproductive health care: the objector and the patient. Her central argument for the prioritizing approach is that health care professionals who are charged with gatekeeping access to services such as abortions are fiduciaries for their patients and for the public they are licensed to serve. As such, they have a duty of loyalty to these beneficiaries and must give primacy to their interests in gaining access to care. McLeod provides insights into ethical issues extending beyond the question of conscientious refusal, including the value of conscience and the fundamental moral nature of the relationships health care professionals have with current and prospective patients.
This volume presents a framework of general principles for animal research ethics together with an analysis of the principles' meaning and moral requirements. Tom L. Beauchamp and David DeGrazia's comprehensive framework addresses ethical requirements pertaining to societal benefit (the most important consideration in justifying the harming of animals in research) and features a thorough, ethically defensible program of animal welfare. The book also features commentaries on the framework of principles by eminent figures in animal research ethics from an array of relevant disciplines: veterinary medicine, biomedical research, biology, zoology, comparative psychology, primatology, law, and bioethics.
Utilitarianism began as a movement for social reform that changed the world, based on the ideal of maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. There is a tendency to enter into debates for and against the ethical doctrine of Utilitarianism without a clear understanding of its basic concepts. The Pursuit of Happiness now offers a rigorous account of the foundations of Utilitarianism, and vividly sets out possible ways forward for its future development. To understand Utilitarianism, we must understand utility: how is it to be measured, and how the aggregate utility of a group can be understood. Louis Narens and Brian Skyrms, respectively a cognitive scientist and a philosopher, pursue these questions by adopting both formal and historical methods, examining theories of measuring utility from Jeremy Bentham, the founder of the Utilitarian movement, to the present day, taking in psychophysics, positivism, measurement theory, meaningfulness, neuropsychology, representation theorems, and the dynamics of formation of conventions. On this basis, Narens and Skyrms argue that a meaningful form of Utilitarianism that can coordinate action in social groups is possible through interpersonal comparison and the formation of conventions.
A 2022 Choice Reviews Outstanding Academic Title What ends should designers pursue? To what extent should they care about the societal and environmental impact of their work? And why should they care at all? Given the key influence design has on the way people live their lives, designing is fraught with ethical issues. Yet, unlike education or nursing, it lacks widespread professional principles for addressing these issues. Rooted in a communitarian view of design practice, this lively and accessible book examines design through the lens of professions, offering a critical vision that enables practitioners, academics and students of design in all disciplines to reflect on the practice’s overarching purposes. Considering how these are connected to others' flourishing and moulded by community interactions, "The Goods of Design" argues for a practice-based approach to cultivate professional ethics; it provides a normative direction that can meaningfully guide professional design activity, both individually and collectively. The volume also looks into the implications work has for the designer's self-growth as a person, offering ways to discover and navigate the complex tensions between personal and professional life.