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Today, European nations still use stamps to commemorate aspects of a nation's culture, history and achievements. During the Second World War, however, stamps were considered far more important in conveying political and ideological messages about their country's change in fortunes – whether it was as triumphant occupier, willing or unwilling ally, or oppressed victim. Some issues and overprints contained obvious messages, but many others were skillfully designed and subtle in their intentions. Stamps and their accompanying postmarks offer an absorbing and surprisingly detailed insight into the hopes and fears of nations at this tumultuous time. This remarkable collection examines and interprets the stamps of twenty-two countries across western and eastern Europe. The glorification of the Führer and Germany on the stamps of countries he most oppressed was inevitable, but many issues are ambiguous and indicative of the rival ethnic and political forces striving to attain influence and power. Desperate to unite the people, Soviet Russia resorted to images of the nation's heroic achievements under the Tsars; the mutually hostile puppet states Hitler and Mussolini allowed to emerge out of conquered Yugoslavia lost no time in issuing stamps proclaiming their cultural diversity; and Vichy France sought to justify its existence with issues linking past glories under Louis XIV and Napoleon with an equally glorious future alongside Hitler. These and many more stories reveal the aspirations, assumptions and anxieties of so many nations as their destinies hung in the balance.
European Stamp Issues and the First World War takes a new approach to the dramatic storyof the continental empires and nations who became embroiled in the Great War that eventuallytransformed Europe and created a new patchwork of countries seething with jealousiesand discontent.It does so using the unique perspectives provided by the philatelic images through whicheach nation projected its vision of itself through the ruling dynasties, military triumphs, breathtakingscenery, cultural achievements and technical advances it chose to highlight. Duringthe uncertain and traumatic decades surrounding the Great War, nothing identified theaspirations and anxieties of a country more than its succession of stamp designs - some verydramatic, others subtle.Eye-catching new issues were powerful instruments of propaganda as well as revenue.In victory, stamps celebrated the acquisition of new territory, and in adversity they urged unityand promoted charities. From 1918 numerous stamps tracked the savage Red and WhiteRussian Civil War. And, as the great empires collapsed, countries such as Czechoslovakia,Poland and the Baltic States emerged eager to promote their history, culture and independence.While many French and Belgian stamps showed these war-torn nations nursing theirrecovery, issues in Germany highlighted how its post-war chaos hardened into a new nationalidentity. And across the Balkans lengthy sets reflected the deep divisions within and betweenthe Slav nations that preceded and long outlasted the First World War.This unparalleled book provides a fascinating portrait of the turbulent decades of theearly twentieth century, revealed through miniature works of art that are in themselvesimportant historical sources.
Nearly sixty years after the end of World War II the Third Reich continues to fascinate both authors and readers. Nazi propaganda, in particular, has been the topic of countless books, as have the personalities involved in the German propaganda machine. Yet, despite all of the efforts in this regard, one aspect of that propaganda study has remained largely unexamined. It is the regimes use of postal materials as a tool for expressing its propaganda message. In this new, profusely illustrated book, Albert L. Moore offers readers an overview of the images and messages that filled the mailboxes of Hitlers subjects and victims. As official documents of Nazi Germany, the stamps, postcards, and even postmarks used during the time provide the reader with an explicit picture of the types of propaganda messages every German was expected to see and act upon on a daily basis. Moores groundbreaking work helps us to better understand this powerful, yet heretofore unrecognized, weapon in Hitlers propaganda arsenal. This is not merely a book for those interested in stamps or postcards as collectibles, it is a book for those who desire to better understand what it was like to live inside the Third Reich!
In 1914 America was determined to stay clear of Europe's war. By 1917, the country was ready to lunge into the fray. The Path to War tells the full story of what happened.
WWII began in 1939 as a European conflict between Germany and an Anglo-French coalition but eventually widened to include most of the nations of the world. It ended in 1945, leaving a new world order dominated by the United States and the USSR. This book features updated and expanded coverage of the fateful D-Day invasion, a critical timeline of major WW II events, and a WW II timeline highlighting the crucial and most important events of the war. It will include details about major battles on land, in the air, and on the sea - starting with Hitler's rise to power and his goal of European conquest; to Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbour; to the decisive battles such as D-Day and the Battle of Midway, which turned the tides of the war toward the Allies.
Before the First World War, the British Admiralty conceived a plan to win rapid victory in the event of war with Germany-economic warfare on an unprecedented scale.This secret strategy called for the state to exploit Britain's effective monopolies in banking, communications, and shipping-the essential infrastructure underpinning global trade-to create a controlled implosion of the world economic system. In this revisionist account, Nicholas Lambert shows in lively detail how naval planners persuaded the British political leadership that systematic disruption of the global economy could bring about German military paralysis. After the outbreak of hostilities, the government shied away from full implementation upon realizing the extent of likely collateral damage-political, social, economic, and diplomatic-to both Britain and neutral countries. Woodrow Wilson in particular bristled at British restrictions on trade. A new, less disruptive approach to economic coercion was hastily improvised. The result was the blockade, ostensibly intended to starve Germany. It proved largely ineffective because of the massive political influence of economic interests on national ambitions and the continued interdependencies of all countries upon the smooth functioning of the global trading system. Lambert's interpretation entirely overturns the conventional understanding of British strategy in the early part of the First World War and underscores the importance in any analysis of strategic policy of understanding Clausewitz's "political conditions of war."
Due to its unprecedented violence and unexpected duration, the First World War generated many complex and tragic experiences, which over time have been reinterpreted. Connecting past experiences with current memories of the war - in order to revisit in an interdisciplinary way Belgium's archival and literary, as well as material and monumental war heritage - is the goal of this book which presents the outcomes of the research project Experiences and Memories of the Great War in Belgium (MEMEX WW1). The following topics as part of the historical, psychological and memory studies are addressed: emotions and writing strategies in a war context and attitudes towards the Germans based on the diaries of Belgian soldiers and scholars; the memory of the war in the two fort cities of Antwerp and Liege during the Interbellum; the literary reception of Tom Lanoye's No Man's Land and the impact of the reading of some poems to current Flemish students. Another issue concerning the social representations of the war investigates the representations of soldiers as heroes or as victims among young Europeans. As for the impact of war centenary commemoration events, they are analyzed firstly through the iconology of the First World War illustrated on stamps and secondly through the effects of exhibitions and documentaries on young Belgians.
During a pivotal few months in the middle of the First World War all sides-Germany, Britain, and America-believed the war could be concluded. Peace at the end of 1916 would have saved millions of lives and changed the course of history utterly. Two years into the most terrible conflict the world had ever known, the warring powers faced a crisis. There were no good military options. Money, men, and supplies were running short on all sides. The German chancellor secretly sought President Woodrow Wilson's mediation to end the war, just as British ministers and France's president also concluded that the time was right. The Road Less Traveled describes how tantalizingly close these far-sighted statesmen came to ending the war, saving millions of lives, and avoiding the total war that dimmed hopes for a better world. Theirs was a secret battle that is only now becoming fully understood, a story of civic courage, awful responsibility, and how some leaders rose to the occasion while others shrank from it or chased other ambitions. "Peace is on the floor waiting to be picked up!" pleaded the German ambassador to the United States. This book explains both the strategies and fumbles of people facing a great crossroads of history. The Road Less Traveled reveals one of the last great mysteries of the Great War: that it simply never should have lasted so long or cost so much.
Thematically divided, this fascinating study explores the experiences of many of Devon's people during the First World War: soldiers; aliens and spies (real and imagined); refugees; conscientious objectors; nurses and doctors; churchmen; the changing roles of women and children; and finally the controversies surrounding farming and agriculture. It provides a moving tribute to the price paid by Devon and its people during the War to End all Wars.